Meta-analysis of Vegetarian Diets and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes

NCT03610828 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: DNSG-Vegetarian diets (cohort)
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Vegetarian and vegan diets have been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and have been associated with decreased risk of these chronic diseases. The role of vegetarian and/or vegan dietary patterns and incident cardiovascular outcomes still remains unclear. To address these uncertainties, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the totality of evidence from prospective cohort studies to distinguish the association of vegetarian and/or vegan dietary patterns on the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. This proposed knowledge synthesis was commissioned by the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and will be used to inform clinical practice and dietary guidelines, help improve health outcomes, and guide future research design.

Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Heart Disease; Stroke; Mortality

Keywords

Vegetarian Diet; Vegan Diet; Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis; Clinical practice guidelines; Prospective cohort studies; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Stroke; Cardiovascular mortality; Coronary heart disease mortality; Stroke mortality

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Cardiovascular disease incidence

  Up to 20 years

• Cardiovascular disease mortality

  Up to 20 years

• Coronary heart disease incidence

  Up to 20 years

• Coronary heart disease mortality

  Up to 20 years

• Stroke incidence

  Up to 20 years

• Stroke mortality

  Up to 20 years

Interventions

Vegetarian or Vegan Diets OTHER

Diets that omit all animal products (vegan diet) or all animal products with the exception of eggs and/or dairy products (vegetarian)

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Healthy volunteers or those at risk for cardiovascular disease

You may qualify if:

• Prospective cohorts studies
• Duration \>=1 year
• Assessment of the exposure of vegetarian or vegan diet
• Ascertainment of viable data by level of exposure

You may not qualify if:

• Ecological, cross-sectional, retrospective observational studies, clinical trials and non-human studies
• Duration \< 1 year
• No assessment of exposure of vegetarian/vegan diet
• No ascertainment viable clinical outcome data by level of exposure

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Toronto: lead
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

The Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2T2, Canada

Location

Related Publications (11)

• Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Spiegelman D, Chiuve SE, Manson JE, Willett W, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Hu FB. Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Jul 25;70(4):411-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.047.

  PMID: 28728684 BACKGROUND

• World Health Organization. (2017). Cardiovascular Diseases. Obtained from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/

  BACKGROUND

• Dinu M, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A, Sofi F. Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Nov 22;57(17):3640-3649. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447.

  PMID: 26853923 BACKGROUND

• Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner-McGrievy G, Gloede L, Jaster B, Seidl K, Green AA, Talpers S. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1777-83. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0606.

  PMID: 16873779 BACKGROUND

• Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner-McGrievy G, Gloede L, Green A, Ferdowsian H. A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1588S-1596S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736H. Epub 2009 Apr 1.

  PMID: 19339401 BACKGROUND

• Mishra S, Xu J, Agarwal U, Gonzales J, Levin S, Barnard ND. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a plant-based nutrition program to reduce body weight and cardiovascular risk in the corporate setting: the GEICO study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;67(7):718-24. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.92. Epub 2013 May 22.

  PMID: 23695207 BACKGROUND

• Wang X, Lin X, Ouyang YY, Liu J, Zhao G, Pan A, Hu FB. Red and processed meat consumption and mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Apr;19(5):893-905. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002062. Epub 2015 Jul 6.

  PMID: 26143683 BACKGROUND

• Yang C, Pan L, Sun C, Xi Y, Wang L, Li D. Red Meat Consumption and the Risk of Stroke: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 May;25(5):1177-1186. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.040. Epub 2016 Feb 27.

  PMID: 26935118 BACKGROUND

• Coutts SB, Wein TH, Lindsay MP, Buck B, Cote R, Ellis P, Foley N, Hill MD, Jaspers S, Jin AY, Kwiatkowski B, MacPhail C, McNamara-Morse D, McMurtry MS, Mysak T, Pipe A, Silver K, Smith EE, Gubitz G; Heart, and Stroke Foundation Canada Canadian Stroke Best Practices Advisory Committee. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: secondary prevention of stroke guidelines, update 2014. Int J Stroke. 2015 Apr;10(3):282-91. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12439. Epub 2014 Dec 23.

  PMID: 25535808 BACKGROUND

• Anderson TJ, Gregoire J, Pearson GJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dawes M, Francis GA, Genest J Jr, Grover S, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Lau DC, Leiter LA, Lonn E, Mancini GB, McPherson R, Ngui D, Poirier P, Sievenpiper JL, Stone JA, Thanassoulis G, Ward R. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol. 2016 Nov;32(11):1263-1282. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510. Epub 2016 Jul 25.

  PMID: 27712954 BACKGROUND

• Glenn AJ, Viguiliouk E, Seider M, Boucher BA, Khan TA, Blanco Mejia S, Jenkins DJA, Kahleova H, Rahelic D, Salas-Salvado J, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Relation of Vegetarian Dietary Patterns With Major Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Front Nutr. 2019 Jun 13;6:80. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00080. eCollection 2019.

  PMID: 31263700 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Stroke

Interventions

Diet, Vegan

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diet, Vegetarian; Diet, Plant-Based; Diet Therapy; Nutrition Therapy; Therapeutics; Diet; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• John Sievenpiper, PhD, MD

  University of Toronto

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 16, 2018
• First Posted: August 1, 2018
• Study Start: October 1, 2017
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2018
• Study Completion: November 1, 2018
• Last Updated: August 1, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-07

Locations

CA (1)