Impact of Acute Resistance Exercise on Taste Perception and Appetite Response to Plant Protein in Resistance Trained Adults

NCT06089993 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: LS-22-30-Horner
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 29
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Some evidence suggests that taste perception might be modulated by physical exercise, with differences observed after aerobic exercise (DOI:10.1093/chemse/23.4.417) and with habitual exercise (DOI:10.3390/nu11010155). However, the effects of resistance exercise on taste perception has not been studied. This knowledge is important as it may impact the acceptability of foods consumed after exercise. While plant-protein supplement powders are gaining increased popularity, their palatability and, thereby, acceptability may be a shortcoming. This randomised crossover trial aims to investigate (1) the taste perception and acceptability of plant protein supplement powders and (2) whether resistance exercise modulates taste perception and appetite responses to plant protein.

Conditions

Appetite; Taste, Altered; Exercise

Keywords

protein; plant protein; soy protein; hemp protein; brown rice protein; pea protein; whey protein; taste perception; taste; appetite; sensory perception; Visual Analogue Scale; Likert Scale; strength training; resistance training

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Part 1: Change in Taste Intensity

  Taste intensity from Generalised Labelled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) Validated 200 millimetre scales will be used to assess intensity of the taste of each sample. This scale has anchors located at each end of the scale and along the scale (barely detectable, weak, moderate, strong, very strong, strongest imaginable). On the bottom end of the scale, the extreme negative response (0 mm) is represented, while the top end (200 mm) represents the positive response. Participants mark along the line where it most represents their subjective perception between both ends.

  2 hours: (1) baseline sampling session, (2) post-intervention sampling session (i.e. after 1 hour resistance training or rest).

• Part 1: Change in Liking of the samples

  9-point Likert Scale to rate overall liking of each sample, from 0 (dislike extremely) to 9 (like extremely).

  2 hours: (1) baseline sampling session, (2) post-intervention sampling session (i.e. after 1 hour resistance training or rest). Change scores will be compared between exercise and rest condition.

• Part 2: Change in Appetite - Composite Appetite Score

  Validated 100 millimetre Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess appetite, at six (6) set time points throughout the experimental visit. This VAS has anchors located at each end of the scale. On the left end of the scale, the extreme negative response (0 mm) is represented, while the right end (100 mm) represents the positive response. Participants mark along the line where it most represents their subjective perception between both ends. Composite Appetite Score derived from aspects such as hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption will be calculated.

  3.5 hours: (1) at participant arrival, (2) after exercise or resting condition (3) immediately after the protein bolus (4) 30 minutes after the protein bolus (5) 60 minutes after the protein bolus (6) after the lunch meal

• Part 2: Energy Intake

  Energy intake measurement. Participants will be given a standardised fixed breakfast to be eaten at home 2 hours prior the testing visit. At the end of the testing visit participants will be served with ad libitum lunch meal in the laboratory. Lunch EI (kilocalories) will be measured objectively, by weighing foods before and after consumption and calculating energy intake based on their nutritional data. EI will be compared between exercise and rest conditions

  Day 2 and Day 3

Secondary Outcomes (17)

• Part 2: changes in cortisol

  3 hours: (1) immediately after participant arrival, (2) after exercise or rest, (3) 1 hour after exercise or rest (i.e. immediately before the lunch meal)

• Part 2: changes in testosterone

  3 hours: (1) immediately after participant arrival, (2) after exercise or rest, (3) 1 hour after exercise or rest (i.e. immediately before the lunch meal)

• Part 2: Palatability - Pleasantness

  Day 2 and Day 3

• Part 2: Palatability - Filling

  Day 2 and Day 3

• Part 2: Palatability - Satisfaction

  Day 2 and Day 3

Study Arms (2)

Exercise

EXPERIMENTAL

Resistance exercise involves 4 exercises (bench pull, bench press, leg extension and unilateral leg press), that are performed at 75% of maximum, determined from 3-RM test.

Other: Exercise

Rest

EXPERIMENTAL

One hour rest.

Other: Rest

Interventions

Exercise OTHER

The total volume of exercise is 40 repetitions of each of the 4 exercises. The participant is instructed to perform a maximum of 10 repetitions each set, with 1'30'' rest between sets and between exercises. The researcher provides instructions and verbal encouragement. The total duration of the exercise bout is between 1 hour and 1 hour and 15 minutes. Part 1: Before and after the exercise condition the participant is sampling 8 different samples: (1) sucrose (2) umami (3) soy protein (4) pea protein (5) hemp protein (6) brown rice (7) whey protein and (8) apple juice. All protein sources are 3 grams dissolved in 20ml apple juice. Sucrose is 1.66g in 20ml water and umami tastant is 0.09g in 20ml water. Part 2: a 30g soy protein bolus in 200ml apple juice is given to the participant. After 1 hour energy intake is assessed with an ad libitum lunch meal.

Exercise

Rest OTHER

The participant remains in sedentary activities such as reading or using a laptop. Part 1: Before and after the rest condition the participant is sampling 8 different samples: (1) sucrose (2) umami (3) soy protein (4) pea protein (5) hemp protein (6) brown rice (7) whey protein and (8) apple juice. All protein sources are 3 grams dissolved in 20ml apple juice. Sucrose is 1.66g in 20ml water and umami tastant is 0.09g in 20ml water. Part 2: a 30g soy protein bolus in 200ml apple juice is given to the participant. After 1 hour energy intake is assessed with an ad libitum lunch meal.

Rest

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Phase 1: Adult males; Phase 2: Adult females
• Aged between 18 and 40 y.o.)
• Physically active in accordance with IPAQ
• Lifting weights, at least, once a week
• Healthy
• Non-smokers
• BMI between 18 and 30

You may not qualify if:

• Phase 1: Females; Phase 2: Males
• Subjects younger than 18 or older than 40 y.o.
• BMI lower than 18 and higher than 30
• Insufficiently active individuals
• Physical active individuals that do not perform a regular strength training
• Having any condition health-related that could preclude both their participation in physical testing and a bout of resistance training
• Taking medications known to impact taste and/or appetite
• Medical condition known to impact taste and/or appetite
• Medical condition linked to cognitive impairment

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University College Dublin: lead

Study Sites (1)

University College Dublin

Dublin, Ireland

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dysgeusia; Motor Activity

Interventions

Exercise; RE1-silencing transcription factor

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Taste Disorders; Sensation Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Science

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 13, 2023
• First Posted: October 19, 2023
• Study Start: August 8, 2022
• Primary Completion: May 19, 2023
• Study Completion: May 19, 2023
• Last Updated: October 19, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-10

Locations

IE (1)