NCT05703269

Brief Summary

This study is designed to see if we can lower the chance of side effects from radiation in patients with breast, kidney, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma that has spread to the brain and who are also being treated with immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This study will compare the usual care treatment of single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) given on one day versus fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS), which is a lower dose of radiation given over a few days to determine if FSRS is better or worse at reducing side effects than usual care treatment.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
244

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
24mo left

Started Jul 2023

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

39 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress60%
Jul 2023Mar 2028

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

January 18, 2023

Completed
12 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 30, 2023

Completed
5 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 11, 2023

Completed
4.7 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 31, 2028

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 31, 2028

Last Updated

February 10, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4.7 years

First QC Date

January 18, 2023

Last Update Submit

February 7, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Gamma KnifeLinear AcceleratorImmune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapyStereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery (FSRS)Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SSRS)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Occurrence of a Grade 2 or higher Adverse Radiation Effect (ARE)

    To compare the proportion of participants experiencing Grade 2 or higher Adverse Radiation Effects (ARE) within 9 months following randomization to single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) vs fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) in patients with brain metastases ≥ 2 cm in diameter or ≥ 4cc in volume treated with concurrent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

    9 months

Secondary Outcomes (4)

  • Compare time to composite end point

    9 months

  • Compare time to local failure between SSRS and FSRS groups

    9 months

  • Compare time to neurologic death between groups

    9 months

  • Compare patient-reported brain tumor specific symptom burden

    9 months

Study Arms (2)

SSRS = single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

SSRS is an advanced radiation technique that delivers high dose precision radiation in a single dose to discrete intracranial lesions. SSRS has recently become a standard-of-care treatment for patients with 1-4 brain metastases and is also commonly used for patients with up to 15 metastases, due to improved neurocognitive outcomes compared to whole brain radiotherapy.

Radiation: single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS)

FSRS = fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery

EXPERIMENTAL

FSRS is an advanced radiation technique that uses a lower dose precision radiation delivered over 3 to 5 treatments given daily or every other day to intracranial lesions.

Radiation: fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS)

Interventions

SSRS is an advanced radiation technique that delivers high dose precision radiation in a single dose to discrete intracranial lesions.

SSRS = single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery

FSRS is an advanced radiation technique that uses a lower dose precision radiation delivered over 3 to 5 treatments given daily or every other day to intracranial lesions.

FSRS = fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • At least one intact brain metastasis or resection cavity ≥ 2 cm in diameter or ≥ 4 cc volume.
  • Patients at initial diagnosis of brain metastases and patients with known brain metastasis treated with systemic therapy alone are eligible.
  • Patients who have previously undergone SRS for brain metastases are eligible if all MRIs and DICOM-RT files from prior SRS courses are available for upload to TRIAD and there are no lesions requiring re-irradiation. Prior SRS data upload is NOT required prior to enrollment and randomization. Both SSRS and FSRS are acceptable.
  • Lesion volume will be approximated by measuring the lesion's three perpendicular diameters on contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted MRI and the product of those diameters will be divided by 2 to estimate the lesion volume (e.g., xyz/2). Alternatively, direct volumetric measurements via slice-by-slice contouring on a treatment planning software package can be used to calculate the total tumor volume.
  • Any extent of non-CNS disease is allowed. There is no requirement for non-CNS disease to be controlled prior to study entry.
  • For patients considered to be borderline or potentially eligible by size or volume criteria, sites have the option to send in DICOM films for central review screening.
  • Age ≥ 18 years at the time of enrollment.
  • Total number of brain metastases (including resection cavities) ≤ 15 on diagnostic MRI; all lesions must be amenable to SSRS and FSRS as determined by the treating radiation oncologist. Treatment must take place at a facility credentialed by the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) for SRS and that offers both SSRS and FSRS as treatment options.
  • Total gross tumor volume must be ≤ 30 cc. Lesion volume will be approximated by measuring each lesion's three perpendicular diameters on contrast-enhanced T1 MRI and the product of those diameters will be divided by 2 (V = xyz/2). Direct volumetric measurements by contouring all lesions on all visible slices on treatment planning software is also acceptable. If there is a cavity, only gross residual disease within or adjacent to the cavity is counted toward the 30 cc total volume.
  • Ability to tolerate MRI brain with gadolinium-based contrast.
  • Pathologically confirmed melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, or breast cancer.
  • Has received, is currently receiving, or is planned to receive immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (defined as agent targeted to PD-1/PD-L1 axis) within 30 days of the planned first day of SSRS/FSRS. Dual ICI therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 targeted agents are allowed, but patients treated with a single agent CTLA-4 targeted agent only are ineligible.
  • o It is not mandatory to wait for the results of next generation sequencing (NGS) or other molecular tumor testing to determine if the patient is planned to receive ICI if the enrolling physician feels that identification of a mutation that would preclude ICI therapy (such as an EGFR mutation in a patient with NSCLC) is unlikely to be identified.
  • Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 50. Refer to Appendix A.
  • Negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 14 days of randomization for women of child-bearing potential.
  • +3 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • Prior fractionated, whole, or partial brain radiation therapy. Prior fractionated SRS is acceptable.
  • Prior courses of SRS for benign tumors such as meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, schwannomas may be acceptable if the treatment is \> 2cm away from the site of a metastatic lesion that would be treated on this study. The study PI or a designated co-PI must review this type of case to confirm eligibility prior to enrollment.
  • Prior diagnosis ARE, including pseudoprogression or radiation necrosis/radionecrosis, or previously treated lesions being actively evaluated for possible ARE or local failure such as concerning imaging findings currently being tracked with short interval MRI.
  • Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis established by lumbar puncture cytology, or MRI imaging. In the absence of a clinical indication, a lumbar puncture is not required to confirm eligibility.
  • A brain metastasis that is 5 mm or less from the optic chiasm or optic nerves
  • Inability to tolerate brain MRI or receive gadolinium-based contrast
  • Planned or prior therapy with bevacizumab (or bevacizumab biosimilar) within 30 days of the planned first day of SRS as part of a systemic therapy regimen at study enrollment.
  • Serious intercurrent illness or medical condition judged by the local investigator to compromise the patient's safety, preclude safe administration of the planned protocol treatment, or would not permit the patient to be managed according to the protocol guidelines.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (39)

Lewis Cancer and Research Pavilion at Saint Joseph's/Candler

Savannah, Georgia, 31405, United States

RECRUITING

Decatur Memorial Hospital

Decatur, Illinois, 62526, United States

RECRUITING

Crossroads Cancer Center

Effingham, Illinois, 62401, United States

RECRUITING

HSHS Saint Elizabeth's Hospital

O'Fallon, Illinois, 62269, United States

RECRUITING

OSF Saint Francis Medical Center

Peoria, Illinois, 61637, United States

RECRUITING

Trinity Health Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48106, United States

RECRUITING

Trinity Health IHA Medical Group Hematology Oncology - Brighton

Brighton, Michigan, 48114, United States

RECRUITING

Genesys Hurley Cancer Institute

Flint, Michigan, 48503, United States

RECRUITING

Trinity Health Saint Mary Mercy Livonia Hospital

Livonia, Michigan, 48154, United States

RECRUITING

Trinity Health IHA Medical Group Hematology Oncology Ann Arbor Campus

Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States

RECRUITING

Mercy Hospital Springfield

Springfield, Missouri, 65804, United States

RECRUITING

Mercy Hospital South

St Louis, Missouri, 63128, United States

RECRUITING

Overlook Medical Center

Summit, New Jersey, 07901, United States

WITHDRAWN

Lovelace Medical Center-Saint Joseph Square

Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87102, United States

RECRUITING

Lovelace Radiation Oncology

Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87109, United States

RECRUITING

Montefiore Medical Center-Einstein Campus

The Bronx, New York, 10461, United States

WITHDRAWN

Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hospital

The Bronx, New York, 10461, United States

WITHDRAWN

Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus

The Bronx, New York, 10467, United States

WITHDRAWN

Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute

Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, United States

RECRUITING

Atrium Health Cabarrus/LCI-Concord

Concord, North Carolina, 28025, United States

RECRUITING

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States

RECRUITING

Sanford Broadway Medical Center

Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, United States

RECRUITING

Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center

Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, United States

RECRUITING

Mercy Health - Perrysburg Hospital

Perrysburg, Ohio, 43551, United States

RECRUITING

Saint Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital

Youngstown, Ohio, 44501, United States

WITHDRAWN

Saint Joseph's/Candler - Bluffton Campus

Bluffton, South Carolina, 29910, United States

RECRUITING

Saint Francis Hospital

Greenville, South Carolina, 29601, United States

RECRUITING

Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Faris

Greenville, South Carolina, 29605, United States

RECRUITING

Saint Francis Cancer Center

Greenville, South Carolina, 29607, United States

RECRUITING

Gibbs Cancer Center-Pelham

Greer, South Carolina, 29651, United States

RECRUITING

Spartanburg Medical Center

Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303, United States

RECRUITING

Sanford Cancer Center Oncology Clinic

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104, United States

RECRUITING

Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57117-5134, United States

RECRUITING

Aspirus Langlade Hospital

Antigo, Wisconsin, 54409, United States

RECRUITING

Saint Vincent Hospital Cancer Center Green Bay

Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54301, United States

RECRUITING

Aspirus Cancer Care - James Beck Cancer Center

Rhinelander, Wisconsin, 54501, United States

RECRUITING

Aspirus Cancer Care - Stevens Point

Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, United States

RECRUITING

Aspirus Regional Cancer Center

Wausau, Wisconsin, 54401, United States

RECRUITING

Aspirus Cancer Care - Wisconsin Rapids

Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, 54494, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Carcinoma, Renal CellBreast NeoplasmsMelanomaBrain NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungSmall Cell Lung Carcinoma

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

AdenocarcinomaCarcinomaNeoplasms, Glandular and EpithelialNeoplasms by Histologic TypeNeoplasmsKidney NeoplasmsUrologic NeoplasmsUrogenital NeoplasmsNeoplasms by SiteFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesMale Urogenital DiseasesBreast DiseasesSkin DiseasesSkin and Connective Tissue DiseasesNeuroendocrine TumorsNeuroectodermal TumorsNeoplasms, Germ Cell and EmbryonalNeoplasms, Nerve TissueNevi and MelanomasSkin NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System NeoplasmsNervous System NeoplasmsBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesCarcinoma, BronchogenicBronchial NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsRespiratory Tract NeoplasmsThoracic NeoplasmsLung DiseasesRespiratory Tract Diseases

Study Officials

  • Glenn Lesser, MD

    Wake Forest University Health Sciences

    STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Karen Craver, MT, MHA

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE CARE
Intervention Model
SEQUENTIAL
Model Details: Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either SSRS or FSRS, using minimization randomization strategy considering 5 prognostic factors of interest: radiosurgery platform (GK vs. LINAC), timing of immunotherapy relative to radiation (ICI within 30 days of Day 1 prior to SRS or not), surgical status (any resection cavity vs. intact metastases only), predominant tumor type (Melanoma vs. all others), and prior courses of SRS for brain metastases (yes vs. no). All baseline patient-reported outcomes and neurocognitive assessments will be collected prior to randomization to minimize bias.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

January 18, 2023

First Posted

January 30, 2023

Study Start

July 11, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 31, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 31, 2028

Last Updated

February 10, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Wake Forest NCORP Research Base is committed to following the NIH Statement on Sharing Research Data (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/ notice-files/NOT-OD-03-032.html). As of July 2018, the WF NCORP RB signed an agreement with NCI to contribute de-identified data and data dictionaries from clinical trials conducted through our RB to the NCI NCTN/NCORP data archive within 6 months of primary and non-primary publications of phase II/III and phase III trials to https://nctn-data-archive.nci.nih.gov/. This will become the primary means for sharing raw data, and we will adhere to the guidelines spelled out in the NCTN/NCORP Data Archive Usage Guide. De-identified data from studies not covered by the agreement (e.g., phase II and observational studies) will be made available upon request. All data files will be de-identified. De-identification procedures will meet the HIPAA criteria as detailed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 45, Section 164.514.

Time Frame
6 months after publication for a 2 year duration
Access Criteria
upon request to NCORP@wakehealth.edu

Locations