Effects of Consuming Protein Shakes, Varying in Protein Source, on Appetite, Satiety and Energy Intake

NCT03132376 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: MU2005830
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 12
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Background: Consistent data from acute, single preload studies demonstrate improvements in perceived appetite and satiety following the consumption of high-protein preloads compared to normal protein preloads. However, it is currently unclear as to whether protein quality (i.e., protein source) or the use of appetite questionnaires influences these outcomes. Objective: To examine whether the consumption of protein preloads (egg white isolate, whey isolate, micellar casein, and instant egg white) differentially modulate postprandial hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, eating initiation, and subsequent food intake; and if the use of appetite questionnaires to assess perceived appetite and satiety affect subsequent energy intake. Methods: Twelve young adults (age: 22±1 y; BMI: 22.1±0.9 kg/m2) reported to the research facility between 7 - 9 am to complete each 4-h testing day. A set of questionnaires assessing perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption were completed followed by the consumption of the 130 kcal beverage preloads, varying in protein source. A water preload was also included as a control. The same set of questionnaires along with the assessment of whether they would like to eat again were completed every 30 min throughout the 4-h postprandial period. On a separate day, all twelve young adults also completed a similar testing day except were not given questionnaires throughout the 4-h postprandial period. After the 4-h, the participants were given an ad libitum pasta meal to consume until 'comfortably full.' Results: The consumption of the protein preloads improved hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption and delayed the request to eat again vs. the control (water); however, no differences in appetite and satiety outcomes were observed between protein sources. No differences in energy content at the lunch meal were observed between any preloads. The use of questionnaires did not change energy consumed at the lunch meal. Conclusions: When comparing high-quality animal-based proteins consumed as a beverage preload, relatively no differences in markers of appetite control and satiety were detected, suggesting that protein quality has little impact on these outcomes when consuming 30g of protein. In addition, the use of questionnaires assessing perceived appetite and satiety do not impact subsequent energy intake.

Conditions

Obesity

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Perceived Hunger

  During each testing day, computerized questionnaires assessing hunger will be completed prior to consuming the study breakfast beverages and every half hour afterwards until leaving the testing facility. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" to "extremely." Each questionnaire takes approximately 30 seconds to complete. There are 10 questionnaires per testing day. Each questionnaire was completed on a netbook computer as well as through an app on an ipod touch.

  2 months

• Perceived Fullness

  During each testing day, computerized questionnaires assessing fullness will be completed prior to consuming the study breakfast beverages and every half hour afterwards until leaving the testing facility. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" to "extremely." Each questionnaire takes approximately 30 seconds to complete. There are 10 questionnaires per testing day. Each questionnaire was completed on a netbook computer as well as through an app on an ipod touch.

  2 months

• Perceived Desire to Eat

  During each testing day, computerized questionnaires assessing desire to eat will be completed prior to consuming the study breakfast beverages and every half hour afterwards until leaving the testing facility. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" to "extremely." Each questionnaire takes approximately 30 seconds to complete. There are 10 questionnaires per testing day. Each questionnaire was completed on a netbook computer as well as through an app on an ipod touch.

  2 months

• Perceived Prospective Food Consumption

  During each testing day, computerized questionnaires assessing how much food he/she can consume will be completed prior to consuming the study breakfast beverages and every half hour afterwards until leaving the testing facility. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" to "an extreme amount." Each questionnaire takes approximately 30 seconds to complete. There are 10 questionnaires per testing day. Each questionnaire was completed on a netbook computer as well as through an app on an ipod touch.

  2 months

• Subsequent Meal Energy Intake

  During each testing day, 4 h after the protein shake, the participants received an ad libitum pasta lunch. They were asked to consume this within 30 min until feeling 'comfortably full.' Energy and macronutrient content will be determined.

  2 months

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Daily Food Intake

  2 months

Study Arms (1)

Breakfast Preload Drink

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants were given isovolumetric drinks, to consume in the morning after an overnight fast, followed by questionnaires asking throughout the day asking participants of their perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption, and if they would like to eat again. Four hours following consumption, they were given an ad libitum pasta meal to consume. The drinks consisted of the following: Water Preload Drink, Whey Protein Isolate Drink, Micellar Casein Protein Drink, Egg White Isolate Protein Drink, and Egg White Concentrate Protein Drink

Dietary Supplement: Water Preload Drink; Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein Isolate Drink; Dietary Supplement: Micellar Casein Protein Drink; Dietary Supplement: Egg White Isolate Protein Drink; Dietary Supplement: Egg White Concentrate Protein Drink

Interventions

Water Preload Drink DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given 275 ml (0 kcal) water to consume in the morning following an overnight fast. This served as the control drink.

Breakfast Preload Drink

Whey Protein Isolate Drink DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g whey protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

Breakfast Preload Drink

Micellar Casein Protein Drink DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g micellar casein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

Breakfast Preload Drink

Egg White Isolate Protein Drink DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g egg white isolate protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

Breakfast Preload Drink

Egg White Concentrate Protein Drink DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g egg white concentrate protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

Breakfast Preload Drink

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• healthy
• ages 18-35 years old
• normal weight to overweight (BMI: 18.5-29.9 kg/m2)
• no metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions
• weight stable (no weight loss/gain within the past 6 mo)
• not currently on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 mo)
• not a vegetarian
• not pregnant
• non-smoker

You may not qualify if:

• Unhealthy
• ages \<18 or \>35 years old
• underweight or obese (BMI: \<18.5 or \>29.9 kg/m2)
• metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions
• not weight stable (weight loss/gain within the past 6 mo)
• Currently on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 mo)
• A vegetarian; 8) pregnant; and 9) smoker

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Purdue University: lead

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 19, 2017
• First Posted: April 27, 2017
• Study Start: June 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: August 1, 2016
• Study Completion: August 1, 2016
• Last Updated: May 19, 2017

Record last verified: 2017-05

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share