Daily Protein Intake Patterns on Energy Metabolism and the Motivation to Snack

NCT02795442 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: GFHNRC500
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 53
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine if when one eats protein can change how the body uses food for energy. Researchers will also test if eating a high protein breakfast can change one's craving for snack foods.

Conditions

Obesity

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Fat, carbohydrate, and protein utilization

  The effect of consuming two patterns of daily protein intake on the use of fat, carbohydrate and protein for energy.

  4 hours after meal consumption

• Relative reinforcing value (RRV) of energy-dense snack foods

  The effect of consuming a high-protein or a low-protein breakfast on the RRV of energy-dense snack foods to a healthy snack food alternative.

  2 hours after breakfast consumption

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Peripheral neurotransmitter metabolites

  2 hours

• Psychoactive Effect Questionnaire

  2 hours

• Satiety visual analog scales

  4 hours after meal consumption

Study Arms (2)

Even protein

EXPERIMENTAL

Menu to provide 90 g of protein per day in an even distribution of 30 g at each meal.

Other: Even protein

Skewed protein

EXPERIMENTAL

Menu to provide 90 g of protein per day in a skewed distribution of 10 g at breakfast, 15 g at lunch and 65 g at dinner.

Other: Skewed protein

Interventions

Even protein OTHER

5 day intake of even protein 3 day rotating menu.

Even protein

Skewed protein OTHER

5 day intake of skewed protein 3 day rotating menu.

Skewed protein

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 20 Years - 60 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• BMI \< 25 kg/m2
• BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 but \< 34.5 kg/m2
• able to understand and sign the informed consent
• able to provide own transportation to the Center
• free of any major illness/disease
• usual protein intake within the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (10 to 30%)
• constant habitual activity patterns within the last 3 months
• females of childbearing age must be on birth control for a minimum of 3 months prior to study start and have regular menstrual cycles

You may not qualify if:

• unable or unwilling to consume animal products
• have had more than a 10% change in body weight within the past 2 months
• are participating in a weight loss diet/exercise program
• are consuming a specialized diet
• currently or planning on becoming pregnant during the study timeline
• lactating
• have a metabolic illness/disease
• have uncontrolled hypertension
• have ever had cancer
• have an infectious disease
• suffer from alcohol or drug abuse
• use tobacco and e-cigarette products on a regular basis
• have the presence of acute illness
• taking medications known to affect energy expenditure and appetite

Sponsors & Collaborators

• USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center: lead

Study Sites (1)

USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, United States

Location

Related Links

• Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Current Nutrition Studies

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Shanon Casperson, PhD

  USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: FED
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 6, 2016
• First Posted: June 10, 2016
• Study Start: June 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: February 14, 2024
• Study Completion: February 14, 2024
• Last Updated: December 3, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)