NCT01898793

Brief Summary

This phase I/2 trial studies the side effects and best dose of activated natural killer cells in treating patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Giving chemotherapy before a donor natural killer cell infusion helps stop the growth of cancer cells and stops the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's natural killer cells. Modified natural killer cells may help the body build an immune response to kill cancer cells. Aldesleukin (interleukin-2) may stimulate the white blood cells (including natural killer cells) to kill leukemia cells. In the phase II and pediatric portion of the study, the investigators intend to use maximal tolerated or tested (MT/TD) CIML NK cell dose as determined from the phase I part of this study. The phase II portion of the study also replaces IL-2 with ALT-803. The rationale for this change is to support the donor derived NK cells in vivo after adoptive transfer. With amendment 16, the decision was made to return to the use of rhIL-2 support instead of ALT-803.

Trial Health

57
Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
89

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_1

Timeline
Completed

Started Aug 2014

Longer than P75 for phase_1

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
terminated

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

July 9, 2013

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 12, 2013

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

August 11, 2014

Completed
7.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 28, 2021

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 4, 2022

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

February 1, 2023

Completed
Last Updated

January 17, 2024

Status Verified

December 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

7.4 years

First QC Date

July 9, 2013

Results QC Date

December 7, 2022

Last Update Submit

December 20, 2023

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Maximal Tolerated or Tested Dose (MT/TD) of CIML-NK Cells (Phase I)

    Defined as the dose level immediately below the dose level at which 2 patients of a cohort (of 2 to 6 patients) experience dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) or the maximum dose if less than or equal to 1 patient suffers a DLT at the maximum dose.

    35 days

  • Complete Remission Rate (CR/CRi) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory AML Following CIML NK Therapy (Phase II)

    * Complete remission rate (CR): Morphologically leukemia free state (i.e. bone marrow with \<5% blasts by morphologic criteria and no blasts with Auer rods, no evidence of extramedullary leukemia) and absolute neutrophil count ≥1000 /μL and platelets ≥100,000 /μL. Patient must be independent of transfusions * Complete Remission with Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi): All of the above criteria for CR must be met, except that absolute neutrophils \<1000 /μL or platelets \<100,000 /μL in the blood.

    Up to 3 years

  • Safety of CIML NK Cells as Measured by the Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events (Pediatric Cohort)

    * Graded using the National Cancer (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. Related indicates possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. * Adverse events will be collected from Day 0 to Day +35; however, bone marrow suppression (ANC \< 500/uL/µL) and AEs of GVHD involving the liver, skin, or GI tract will be recorded to Day 100.

    Through Day 100

Secondary Outcomes (6)

  • Response Assessed According to IWG Criteria (Phase 1, Phase II, and Pediatric)

    35 days

  • Duration of Remission (DOR) (Phase I, Phase II, and Pediatric)

    Up to 3 years

  • Time to Progression (Phase I, Phase II, and Pediatric)

    Up to 3 years

  • Disease Free Survival (DFS) (Phase I, Phase II, and Pediatric)

    Up to 3 years

  • Overall Survival (OS) (Phase I, Phase II, and Pediatric)

    Up to 3 years

  • +1 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (7)

Phase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cells

EXPERIMENTAL

* Lymphodepleting Preparative Regimen: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -5 and -4. * Donor Leukapheresis: Peripheral blood cells are collected from haploidentical related donors over 5 hours on day -1. * CIML NK Cells: Patients undergo CIML NK cell infusion over 15-60 minutes on day 0. * Interleukin-2: Patients receive aldesleukin SC every other day for 2 weeks starting on day 1 (total of 7 doses)

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsBiological: IL-2Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Phase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cells

EXPERIMENTAL

* Lymphodepleting Preparative Regimen: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -5 and -4. * Donor Leukapheresis: Peripheral blood cells are collected from haploidentical related donors over 5 hours on day -1. * CIML NK Cells: Patients undergo CIML NK cell infusion over 15-60 minutes on day 0. * Interleukin-2: Patients receive aldesleukin SC every other day for 2 weeks starting on day 1 (total of 7 doses)

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsBiological: IL-2Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Phase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kg

EXPERIMENTAL

* Lymphodepleting Preparative Regimen: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -5 and -4. * Donor Leukapheresis: Peripheral blood cells are collected from haploidentical related donors over 5 hours on day -1. * CIML NK Cells: Patients undergo CIML NK cell infusion over 15-60 minutes on day 0. * Interleukin-2: Patients receive aldesleukin SC every other day for 2 weeks starting on day 1 (total of 7 doses)

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsBiological: IL-2Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Phase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg

EXPERIMENTAL

The recipient will begin a lymphodepleting preparative regimen of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide on Day -6. The haploidentical donor identified by HLA matching of the immediate family members will undergo non-mobilized large volume (20-L) leukapheresis on Day -1, and the NK cell product will be infused into the recipient on Day 0. Subcutaneous IL-2 will begin approximately 2-4 hours after infusion and will continue every other day through Day 12 for a total of 7 doses.

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsBiological: IL-2Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kg

EXPERIMENTAL

* Lymphodepleting Preparative Regimen: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -5 and -4. * Donor Leukapheresis: Peripheral blood cells are collected from haploidentical related donors on Day -1. * CIML NK Cells: Patients undergo CIML NK cell infusion on Day 0. * Subcutaneous ALT-803 will begin approximately 4 hours after the infusion and will continue for a total of 2 doses (Days 0 and 5).

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsDrug: ALT-803Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Pediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kg

EXPERIMENTAL

* Lymphodepleting Preparative Regimen: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -5 and -4. * Donor Leukapheresis: Peripheral blood cells are collected from haploidentical related donors on Day -1 * CIML NK Cells: Patients undergo CIML NK cell infusion on Day 0 * Subcutaneous IL-2 will begin approximately 2-4 hours after infusion and will continue every other day through Day 12 for a total of 7 doses

Drug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideProcedure: LeukapheresisBiological: Cytokine-induced killer cellsBiological: IL-2Procedure: Peripheral blood for correlative studiesProcedure: Bone marrow for correlative studies

Donors

NO INTERVENTION

-The haploidentical donor identified by HLA matching of the immediate family members (parents, siblings, and children) will undergo non-mobilized leukapheresis on Day -1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be collected using standard collection techniques.

Interventions

Also known as: 2-F-ara-AMP, 75607-67-9, 9H-purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl), Beneflur, Fludara, fludarabine-5'-monophosphate
Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg
Also known as: Cytoxan®, CPM
Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg
LeukapheresisPROCEDURE
Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg
Also known as: CIK cells
Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg
IL-2BIOLOGICAL
Also known as: Proleukin, recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant interleukin-2, Ro-236019, T-cell growth factor, TCGF, TCGF,, interleukin, Aldesleukin
Pediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg
Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kg

-Screening, Day 0 prior to CIML NK infusion, Day 1, Day 3, Day 7, Day 8, Day 10, Day 14, Day 21, Day 28, Day 42, Day 60, Day 100, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, and at disease relapse

Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg

-Screening, Day 8, Day 14, Day 28, Between Day 42 and 60, Day 100, at disease relapse

Lead-in Cohort & Phase II (ALT-803): Maximum NK cell/number kgPediatric Cohort: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase I Dose Level 1: 0.5 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 2: 1.0 x 10^6/kg CIML NK cellsPhase I Dose Level 3: Maximum NK cell/number kgPhase II (IL-2): Maximum NK cell/number kg

Eligibility Criteria

Age2 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Diagnosis requirement for phase I patients:
  • Refractory AML without complete remission (CR) after induction therapy (primary induction failure) or relapsed AML after obtaining a CR.
  • OR High-risk AML (by ELN criteria; See Appendix C) in complete remission (CR) and has either refused hematopoietic stem cell transplantation OR is currently not eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation OR for whom hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is being reserved for later relapse. This is inclusive of patients with minimal residual disease evidenced by cytogenetics, molecular testing, and/or flow cytometry.
  • OR Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with excess blasts (\>5%) and progressive disease at any time after initiation of DNA hypomethylator treatment during the past 2 years, OR failure to achieve complete or partial response or hematological improvement (see section 12.4) after at least six cycles of azacytidine or four cycles of decitabine administered during the past 2 years, OR intolerance to azacytidine or decitabine. MDS patients with isolated 5q- abnormalities that meet these criteria after lenalidomide therapy and DNA hypomethylator therapy are also eligible.
  • Diagnosis requirement for phase II patients:
  • \*Refractory AML without CR after induction therapy (primary induction failure) or relapsed AML after obtaining a CR. Favorable-risk core binding factor (CBF) mutated AML and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) will be excluded.
  • Diagnosis requirement for pediatric cohort patients:
  • \*Refractory AML without complete remission (CR) after induction therapy (primary induction failure) or relapsed AML after obtaining a CR.
  • Age requirement for phase I and phase II patients: At least 18 years of age.
  • Age requirement for pediatric cohort: 2-17 years of age.
  • Available HLA-haploidentical donor that meets the following criteria:
  • Related donor (parent, sibling, offspring, or offspring of sibling)
  • At least 18 years of age
  • HLA-haploidentical donor/recipient match by at least Class I serologic typing at the A\&B locus.
  • In general good health, and medically able to tolerate leukapheresis required for harvesting the NK cells for this study.
  • +14 more criteria

You may not qualify if:

  • Relapsed after allogeneic transplantation.
  • Isolated extramedullary relapse (phase II only).
  • More than one course of salvage chemotherapy for primary induction failure or AML relapsing after CR1 (phase II only).
  • Circulating blast count ≥30,000/µL by morphology or flow cytometry (cytoreductive therapies including leukapheresis or hydroxyurea are allowed).
  • Uncontrolled bacterial or viral infections, or known HIV, Hepatitis B or C infection.
  • Uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or EKG suggestive of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities.
  • New progressive pulmonary infiltrates on screening chest x-ray or chest CT scan that have not been evaluated with bronchoscopy. Infiltrates attributed to infection must be stable/ improving after 1 week of appropriate therapy (4 weeks for presumed or proven fungal infections).
  • Known hypersensitivity to one or more of the study agents.
  • Received any investigational drugs within the 14 days prior to the first dose of fludarabine.
  • Pregnant and/or breastfeeding.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

Related Publications (4)

  • Cooper MA, Elliott JM, Keyel PA, Yang L, Carrero JA, Yokoyama WM. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1915-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0813192106. Epub 2009 Jan 30.

    PMID: 19181844BACKGROUND
  • Romee R, Schneider SE, Leong JW, Chase JM, Keppel CR, Sullivan RP, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Cytokine activation induces human memory-like NK cells. Blood. 2012 Dec 6;120(24):4751-60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-419283. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

    PMID: 22983442BACKGROUND
  • Ni J, Miller M, Stojanovic A, Garbi N, Cerwenka A. Sustained effector function of IL-12/15/18-preactivated NK cells against established tumors. J Exp Med. 2012 Dec 17;209(13):2351-65. doi: 10.1084/jem.20120944. Epub 2012 Dec 3.

    PMID: 23209317BACKGROUND
  • Berrien-Elliott MM, Becker-Hapak M, Cashen AF, Jacobs M, Wong P, Foster M, McClain E, Desai S, Pence P, Cooley S, Brunstein C, Gao F, Abboud CN, Uy GL, Westervelt P, Jacoby MA, Pusic I, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Schroeder MA, DiPersio JF, Soon-Shiong P, Miller JS, Fehniger TA. Systemic IL-15 promotes allogeneic cell rejection in patients treated with natural killer cell adoptive therapy. Blood. 2022 Feb 24;139(8):1177-1183. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021011532.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Interventions

fludarabinefludarabine phosphateCyclophosphamideLeukapheresisInterleukin-2aldesleukinInterleukinsALT-803

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Leukemia, MyeloidLeukemiaNeoplasms by Histologic TypeNeoplasmsHematologic DiseasesHemic and Lymphatic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Phosphoramide MustardsNitrogen Mustard CompoundsMustard CompoundsHydrocarbons, HalogenatedHydrocarbonsOrganic ChemicalsPhosphoramidesOrganophosphorus CompoundsCytapheresisBiological TherapyTherapeuticsBlood Component RemovalLeukocyte Reduction ProceduresCell SeparationCytological TechniquesClinical Laboratory TechniquesInvestigative TechniquesCytokinesIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsPeptidesAmino Acids, Peptides, and ProteinsLymphokinesProteinsBiological Factors

Results Point of Contact

Title
Amanda Cashen, M.D.
Organization
Washington University School of Medicine

Study Officials

  • Amanda Cashen, M.D.

    Washington University School of Medicine

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 1
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
SEQUENTIAL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

July 9, 2013

First Posted

July 12, 2013

Study Start

August 11, 2014

Primary Completion

December 28, 2021

Study Completion

April 4, 2022

Last Updated

January 17, 2024

Results First Posted

February 1, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-12

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations