The Effect of Gamified Metaverse-Based Training on Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy and Metaverse Perception Regarding Pressure Injury Management

NCT07395284 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: 17162298.600-373
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a largely preventable clinical problem that negatively impacts the quality of patient care and constitutes a significant economic burden for healthcare systems. The prevention and effective management of these ulcers are closely related to nurses' knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy levels. However, current nursing education programs show a limited number of practice-based and interactive training approaches for the prevention and management of pressure ulcers. In recent years, innovative and technology-supported training methods such as gamification and metaverse have emerged as promising approaches for improving students' knowledge and self-efficacy levels by increasing their active participation in learning processes. Aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of gamified metaverse-based training developed for nursing students on their knowledge level, academic self-efficacy, and metaverse perception regarding pressure ulcer management. Method: The research was planned as a randomized controlled experimental design. The population of the study will consist of students studying in the nursing department. The sample size was calculated using G\*Power based on PUKAT 2.0-T scores; Assuming a two-way α=0.05 and power=0.80, at least 26 participants were selected for each group, and the total sample size was planned as 60 students, taking into account possible losses. Participants will be administered a Demographic Information Form, the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Level Assessment Tool 2.0-Updated Version (PUKAT 2.0-T), and the Nursing Students Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups based on their pre-test scores. The intervention group will receive traditional classroom theoretical training and gamified metaverse-based training for two weeks, while the control group will receive traditional classroom theoretical training. Post-tests will be administered immediately after the intervention and one month later. In addition, the Metaverse Perception Scale will be administered to the intervention group. Data will be collected using the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool 2.0-Updated Version (PUKAT 2.0-T), the Nursing Students Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students. Results: The obtained data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Conclusion: This research is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of innovative digital education models in nursing education and contribute to the development of educational strategies for the prevention of pressure ulcers.

Conditions

Nursing Education; Pressure Ulcers, Bedsores, Decubitus Ulcer; Gamification; Self-Efficacy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool 2.0 - Updated Version (PUKAT 2.0-T)

  PUKAT 2.0 is a multiple-choice, true-false scored measurement tool. This test was developed by Manderlier et al. (2017) to determine nurses' knowledge level regarding pressure ulcers and adapted into Turkish by Dalli et al. (2022). The test addresses knowledge level regarding pressure ulcers within six themes and contains a total of 25 questions. The score ranges from 0 to 25. According to the validity and reliability study results of the Turkish version of the test; (1) content validity index is 0.90, (2) test-retest reliability is 0.83 (between 0.70-0.92 for sub-themes), (3) item difficulty indices range from 35-75%, (4) item discrimination indices range from 0.44-0.92, and (5) internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) value is 0.72. Necessary permissions for the use of the measurement tool have been obtained from its developers.

  Before the intervention, within 1 hour after the intervention, and one month after the intervention.

• Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy Scale

  The scale developed by Bulfone et al. (2019) to determine the academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students consists of 14 items and four sub-dimensions. The scale comprises the following sub-dimensions: internal emotion management (items 1, 2, 3), self-control behavior (items 4, 5, 6, 7), external emotion management (items 8, 9, 10, 11), and sociability (items 12, 13, 14). The items on this scale are scored between 1 and 5, and the question "How confident are you?" is scored using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = I have no confidence in myself, 5 = I have a lot of confidence in myself). As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the academic self-efficacy of nursing students increases. There are no items in the scale that are reverse-scored. The Cronbach alpha value of the original scale is 0.84, while in this study it is 0.82.

  Before the intervention, within 1 hour after the intervention, and one month after the intervention.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students

  within 30 minutes after intervention

Study Arms (2)

Gamified metaverse-based educational application

EXPERIMENTAL

Gamified metaverse-based educational application

Behavioral: Gamified metaverse-based educational application

Traditional-based education practice

NO INTERVENTION

traditional-based education practice

Interventions

Gamified metaverse-based educational application BEHAVIORAL

Students in the intervention group will receive gamified metaverse-based training.

Gamified metaverse-based educational application

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Voluntarily agree to participate in the research,
• Be a second-year undergraduate nursing student,
• Be able to understand and speak Turkish,
• Have healthy hearing, vision, and speech.

You may not qualify if:

• The student voluntarily requesting to withdraw from the study
• The student ceasing to use the metaverse domain during the study period
• Completing the survey form incompletely.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Baskent University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Baskent University

Ankara, Ankara, 06790, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pressure Ulcer

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Skin Ulcer; Skin Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: lecturer

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 21, 2026
• First Posted: February 9, 2026
• Study Start: April 30, 2026
• Primary Completion: May 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2026
• Last Updated: April 30, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Locations

TU (1)