Simulator and Standardized Patient Training for Cardiopulmonary Examination Skills in Nursing Students

NCT07631234 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: MAKU-NURS-CPPE-2025-0011144-MP-25
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 90
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 2

Brief Summary

Cardiopulmonary physical examination is a fundamental nursing skill that is essential for the early recognition of patient problems and safe clinical decision-making. Nursing students often experience difficulties in developing competence and confidence in performing cardiac and pulmonary assessment skills during their early clinical education. This quasi-experimental study aims to compare the effects of simulation-based training and standardized patient-based training on first-year nursing students' cardiopulmonary physical examination outcomes. The study will evaluate knowledge, clinical skill performance, learning satisfaction, self-confidence, and anxiety levels before and after the educational interventions. Participants will be first-year nursing students enrolled in a health assessment course. Students will be assigned to either a simulation-based training group or a standardized patient-based training group. Data will be collected using knowledge tests, skill assessment checklists, satisfaction and self-confidence scales, and anxiety measures. The findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based nursing education by identifying effective teaching strategies for improving cardiopulmonary assessment competence among nursing students.

Conditions

Nursing Education

Keywords

Nursing Education, Simulation-Based Training, Standardized Patient,Cardiopulmonary Assessment

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Cardiopulmonary Physical Examination Skill Performance

  Clinical skill performance scores obtained using a 27-item cardiopulmonary physical examination skills checklist. The checklist assesses students' performance in communication, vital signs assessment, inspection, palpation, cardiac auscultation, and pulmonary auscultation. Each item is scored on a 3-point scale (0 = not performed, 1 = performed incorrectly or incompletely, 2 = performed correctly and completely). Total scores range from 0 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater competence in cardiopulmonary physical examination skills.

  Immediately after completion of the training intervention

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Cardiopulmonary Physical Examination Knowledge

  Baseline, immediately after training, and 1 month after training

• Student Satisfaction With Learning

  Immediately after training

• Self-Confidence in Learning

  Immediately after training

• State Anxiety Level

  Baseline, immediately after training, and 1 month after training

Study Arms (2)

Simulation-Based Training Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to this group will receive cardiopulmonary physical examination training using a nursing simulation manikin in a simulated clinical environment. Training will include cardiac and pulmonary assessment skills, vital sign evaluation, and clinical communication practices.

Behavioral: Simulation-Based Training

Standardized Patient Training Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants assigned to this group will receive cardiopulmonary physical examination training using standardized patients. Training will include cardiac and pulmonary assessment skills, vital sign evaluation, and clinical communication practices in a realistic patient interaction setting.

Behavioral: Standardized Patient-Based Training

Interventions

Simulation-Based Training BEHAVIORAL

Simulation-based training designed to improve nursing students' cardiopulmonary physical examination knowledge, skills, satisfaction, self-confidence, and clinical preparedness through structured practice using a nursing simulation manikin.

Simulation-Based Training Group

Standardized Patient-Based Training BEHAVIORAL

Standardized patient-based training designed to improve nursing students' cardiopulmonary physical examination knowledge, skills, satisfaction, self-confidence, and clinical preparedness through structured interactions with trained standardized patients.

Standardized Patient Training Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• First-year nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences during the 2025-2026 academic year.
• Enrolled in the Health Assessment I and II courses for the first time.
• Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent.
• Agree to attend all educational sessions, including theoretical instruction and practical training.
• Agree to participate in all data collection procedures, including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments.

You may not qualify if:

• Previous formal training in cardiopulmonary physical examination (e.g., summer school, certification course, or equivalent training).
• Transfer students admitted through horizontal or vertical transfer programs.
• Receiving ongoing psychological or psychiatric treatment for a diagnosed mental health condition, particularly anxiety-related disorders.
• Withdrawal of informed consent at any stage of the study.
• Absence from theoretical, simulation-based, or standardized patient training sessions.
• Incomplete or incorrectly completed study questionnaires or assessment forms.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University: lead

Study Sites (2)

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing

Burdur, 15030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing

Burdur, 15030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Officials

• Nevin Uslu, PhD

  Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Nevin Uslu, PhD

CONTACT

+902482133500; nuslu@mehmetakif.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor, Department of Nursing

Model Details: Participants will be assigned to one of two parallel intervention groups: simulation-based training or standardized patient-based training. Both groups will receive the same educational content related to cardiac and pulmonary physical examination, differing only in the instructional strategy used during practical training.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 2, 2026
• First Posted: June 5, 2026
• Study Start: May 24, 2026
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2026
• Last Updated: June 5, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (2)