Impact of Protein Content of Milk on Post-Exercise Appetite and Energy Intake

NCT07050017 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: SBF-25-059
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 16
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to investigate the acute effects of consuming milk beverages with different protein content on subjective appetite and energy intake in healthy adults following endurance exercise. Participants will complete an endurance exercise protocol and then consume one of three beverages: a high-protein milk, a regular-protein milk, or an isoenergetic and isovolumetric carbohydrate control drink. Subjective appetite ratings will be assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) at multiple time points after beverage consumption. Appetite-related hormonal responses, including insulin and acylated ghrelin, will be measured via blood samples. Energy intake will be assessed through an ad libitum test meal. This study will help determine whether different types of milk consumed post-exercise influence appetite regulation, hormonal response, and subsequent energy intake.

Conditions

Appetite; Energy Intake; Post-exercise; Negative Energy Balance

Keywords

milk; high-protein milk; protein; post-exercise; appetite; energy intake

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• energy intake

  Energy intake will be measured through an ad libitum meal provided after the exercise.

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 weeks.

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• acylated ghrelin (pg/mL)

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 weeks.

• Insulin (pmol/L)

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 weeks.

• subjective appetite

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 weeks.

Study Arms (3)

carbohydrate control drink: isoenergetic and isovolumetric with milk beverages.

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Isoenergetic and isovolumetric with milk beverages

Behavioral: The study will investigate how different amounts of protein (0 g, 15 g, and 30 g) in post-exercise beverages affect appetite and energy intake following endurance exercise.

regular milk

EXPERIMENTAL

containing 15 g protein

Behavioral: The study will investigate how different amounts of protein (0 g, 15 g, and 30 g) in post-exercise beverages affect appetite and energy intake following endurance exercise.

high-protein milk

EXPERIMENTAL

containing 30 g protein

Behavioral: The study will investigate how different amounts of protein (0 g, 15 g, and 30 g) in post-exercise beverages affect appetite and energy intake following endurance exercise.

Interventions

The study will investigate how different amounts of protein (0 g, 15 g, and 30 g) in post-exercise beverages affect appetite and energy intake following endurance exercise. BEHAVIORAL

The study will investigate how different amounts of protein (carbohydrate control drink : 0 g, reguler milk : 15 g, and high-protein milk : 30 g) in post-exercise beverages affect appetite and energy intake following endurance exercise.

carbohydrate control drink: isoenergetic and isovolumetric with milk beverages.; high-protein milk; regular milk

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 39 Years
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• The study will include healthy, physically active male participants aged 18-39 years who have been engaging in recreational endurance sports (such as cycling, running, triathlon, orienteering, or team sports) for at least one year, with a minimum frequency of 3 sessions per week lasting 60-90 minutes.

You may not qualify if:

• Current smoker
• Chronic or excessive alcohol consumption
• Use of supplements and/or chronic medications that may affect appetite
• Presence of cardiac, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, neurological, hematological, gastrointestinal, diabetic, thyroid, or psychiatric disorders, and/or musculoskeletal conditions that may limit exercise participation
• Allergy or intolerance to any of the foods or beverages to be consumed during the study
• Unstable body weight (e.g., weight loss greater than 1 kg in the past week)
• Currently following a weight-loss diet
• Diagnosed eating disorders or individuals who cognitively restrict food intake (to be assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hacettepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Hacettepe University

Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Officials

• muhammed atakan, Associate Professor

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

• zeynep ergün, PHD student

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

• süleyman bulut, Associate Professor

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

• hüsrev turnagöl, professor

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

• tahir hazır, professor

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

• yiğitcan karanfil, Assistant professor

  Hacettepe University

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER
• Masking Details: The beverages will be administered in opaque bottles in a randomized order. Both the participants and the researchers will remain blinded to the content of the beverages until the end of the study.
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Research Assistant

Model Details: All participants will attend 5 visits. Two of them are pre-screening visits.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 17, 2025
• First Posted: July 3, 2025
• Study Start: May 29, 2025
• Primary Completion: July 29, 2025
• Study Completion: September 29, 2025
• Last Updated: October 6, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)