NCT03949855

Brief Summary

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of belimumab and intravenous rituximab co-administration at inducing a complete or partial remission (CR or PR) compared to rituximab alone in participants with primary membranous nephropathy. Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is among the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. MN affects individuals of all ages and races. The peak incidence of MN is in the fifth decade of life. Primary MN is recognized to be an autoimmune disease, a disease where the body's own immune system causes damage to kidneys. This damage can cause the loss of too much protein in the urine. Drugs used to treat MN aim to reduce the attack by one's own immune system on the kidneys by blocking inflammation and reducing the immune system's function. These drugs can have serious side effects and often do not cure the disease. There is a need for new treatments for MN that are better at improving the disease while reducing fewer treatment associated side effects. In this study, researchers will evaluate if treatment with a combination of two different drugs, belimumab and rituximab, is effective at blocking the immune attacks on the kidney compared to rituximab alone. Rituximab works by decreasing a type of immune cell, called B cells. B cells are known to have a role in MN. Once these cells are removed, disease may become less active or even inactive. However, after stopping treatment, the body will make new B cells which may cause disease to become active again. Belimumab works by decreasing the new B cells produced by the body and, may even change the type of new B cells subsequently produced. Belimumab is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (also referred to as lupus or SLE). Rituximab is approved by the FDA to treat some types of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis. Neither rituximab nor belimumab is approved by the FDA to treat MN. Treatment with a combination of belimumab and rituximab has not been studied in individuals with MN, but has been tested in other autoimmune diseases, including lupus nephritis and Sjögren's syndrome.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
58

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for phase_2

Timeline
47mo left

Started Mar 2020

Longer than P75 for phase_2

Geographic Reach
1 country

20 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress62%
Mar 2020Mar 2030

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 13, 2019

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 14, 2019

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 6, 2020

Completed
9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 1, 2029

Expected
1 year until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 1, 2030

Last Updated

February 13, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

9 years

First QC Date

May 13, 2019

Last Update Submit

February 10, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Primary Membranous Nephropathynephrotic syndromePharmacokinetics (PK) AnalysisDouble-Blind (Masked), Placebo-Controlled Clinical TrialCo-administered belimumab and rituximab

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Proportion of Participants in Complete or Partial Remission (CR or PR) at Week 104.

    . CR is defined as proteinuria of ≤ 0.3 g/day with a serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL. PR is defined as a 50% or greater decrease in proteinuria compared to baseline and proteinuria \< 3.5 g/day glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline.

    Week 104

Secondary Outcomes (15)

  • Proportion of Participants in Complete or Partial Remission (CR or PR) at Week 52 and Week 156.

    Week 52, Week 156

  • Proportion of Participants in Complete Remission (CR) at Week 52, Week 104 and Week 156.

    Week 52, Week 104, Week 156

  • Proportion of Participants in PR but not CR at Week 52, Week 104, Week 156.

    Week 52, Week 104, Week 156

  • Time to Relapse for Participants who Achieved CR or PR.

    Up to 156 Weeks (3 Years)

  • Level of Proteinuria at Week 52, Week 104 and Week 156.

    Week 52, Week 104, Week 156

  • +10 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (4)

Part A: Low Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and Rituximab

EXPERIMENTAL

Open-label pharmacokinetics (PK) phase. Participants with low proteinuria classification will receive belimumab weekly subcutaneous injections (52 doses administered Week 0 to Week 51) and rituximab infusions at Weeks 4 and 6. Low proteinuria classification: The excretion of ≥4 to \<8 g/day of protein by the kidneys in adults. (Normal in adults: 0.15 g/day).

Drug: BelimumabDrug: Rituximab

Part A :High Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and Rituximab

EXPERIMENTAL

Open-label pharmacokinetics (PK) phase. Participants with high proteinuria classification will receive belimumab weekly subcutaneous injections (52 doses administered Week 0 to Week 51) and rituximab infusions at Weeks 4 and 6. High proteinuria classification: The excretion of ≥8 g/day of protein by the kidneys in adults. (Normal in adults: 0.15 g/day).

Drug: BelimumabDrug: Rituximab

Part B: Belimumab and Rituximab

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in the low proteinuria classification stratification, based upon Part A, and randomized to this arm, will receive subcutaneous belimumab 400 mg (two 200 mg injections) once weekly from weeks 0-3, and then 200 mg once weekly from weeks 4-51. Participants will receive rituximab infusions at Weeks 4 and 6. At week 30, participants will be assessed for a response to study treatment. Participants who meet at least two out of the following three criteria at week 30 will be considered to have an inadequate response to study treatment and receive a second course of rituximab (defined as 1000 mg IV given at weeks 34 and 36): * Anti-PLA2R level is ≥ 25% of baseline * Proteinuria is ≥ 50% of baseline * Serum albumin is \< 2.8 g/dL

Drug: BelimumabDrug: Rituximab

Part B: Placebo and Rituximab

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Participants in the low proteinuria classification stratification, based upon Part A, and randomized to this arm, will receive subcutaneous belimumab placebo 400 mg (two 200 mg injections) once weekly from weeks 0-3, and then 200 mg once weekly from weeks 4-51. Participants will receive rituximab infusions at Weeks 4 and 6. At week 30, participants will be assessed for a response to study treatment. Participants who meet at least two out of the following three criteria at week 30 will be considered to have an inadequate response to study treatment and receive a second course of rituximab (defined as 1000 mg IV given at weeks 34 and 36): * Anti-PLA2R level is ≥ 25% of baseline * Proteinuria is ≥ 50% of baseline * Serum albumin is \< 2.8 g/dL

Drug: Placebo for BelimumabDrug: Rituximab

Interventions

Belimumab is a recombinant, human, IgG1λ monoclonal antibody. Belimumab will be provided as a 200 mg sterile, liquid product in a prefilled syringe. Each syringe contains 1.0 mL of 200 mg/mL belimumab. Each syringe will be a single use. Standard Weekly dose: Part A: 200 mg. administered subcutaneously. Part B: 400 mg (two 200 mg injections) from weeks 0-3, and then 200 mg from weeks 4-51, administered subcutaneously.

Also known as: Benlysta®
Part A :High Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and RituximabPart A: Low Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and RituximabPart B: Belimumab and Rituximab

The placebo control will be provided as a sterile liquid product in a prefilled syringe. Each syringe will be of a single use. Standard weekly dose: Part A: 200 mg. administered subcutaneously. Part B: 400 mg (two 200 mg injections) from weeks 0-3, and then 200 mg from weeks 4-51, administered subcutaneously.

Also known as: Belimumab placebo
Part B: Placebo and Rituximab

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody with specificity for CD20, a transmembrane protein expressed on B cells from the pre-B to memory cell development stages. Rituximab is supplied at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in either 100 mg/10 mL or 500 mg/50 mL single-use vials for infusion. It is a clear, colorless liquid. Dose: 1000 mg intravenously (IV), Week 4 and -6.

Also known as: Rituxan®
Part A :High Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and RituximabPart A: Low Proteinuria Group - Belimumab and RituximabPart B: Belimumab and RituximabPart B: Placebo and Rituximab

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 75 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Subjects must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for this study-
  • Age 18 to 75 years inclusive
  • Diagnosis of one of the following:
  • Primary MN confirmed by a kidney biopsy within the past 5 years
  • Primary MN that is relapsing following a CR (Section 3.3.1) or PR (Section 3.3.2), confirmed by a kidney biopsy within the past 7 years
  • Nephrotic syndrome with eGFR \> 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and no history of immunosuppressant treatment (e.g. glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, B-cell depleting agent) for nephrotic syndrome, and without evidence of a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome
  • Nephrotic syndrome and a contraindication to kidney biopsy (e.g., anticoagulation, solitary kidney, body habitus that increases the risk of biopsy, or other contraindication in the opinion of the investigator), and without evidence of a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome
  • Serum anti-PLA2R positive
  • eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73m2 while on maximally tolerated RAS blockade
  • Proteinuria:
  • ≥ 4 and \< 8 g/day that has persisted for at least the previous 3 months while on maximally tolerated RAS blockade. Documentation of persistent proteinuria may be from a 24-hour collection or calculated from a spot urine collection. Or,
  • ≥ 8 g/day while on maximally tolerated RAS blockade
  • Blood pressure while on maximally tolerated RAS blockade:
  • Systolic blood pressure ≤ 140 mmHg
  • Diastolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg

You may not qualify if:

  • Subjects meeting any of the following criteria will not be eligible for this study-
  • Secondary cause of MN (e.g., SLE, drug, infection, malignancy) suggested by review of the patient's medical history and/or clinical presentation
  • Rituximab use within the previous 12 months
  • Rituximab use \> 12 months ago:
  • With an undetectable CD19 B cell count, or
  • Did not result in a CR (Section 3.3.1) or PR (Section 3.3.2) with rituximab treatment alone (e.g., without other immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy)
  • Use of anti-B cell therapy other than rituximab within the previous 12 months (or 5 half-lives, whichever is greater)
  • Cyclophosphamide use within the past 3 months
  • Use of other immunosuppressive medications such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus within the past 30 days
  • Use of systemic corticosteroids within the past 30 days
  • Use of any biologic investigational agent (defined as any drug not approved for sale in the country it is used) in the previous 12 months
  • Use of any non-biologic investigational agent in the past 30 days (or 5 half-lives, whichever is greater)
  • Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 9.0%
  • Patients with diabetic glomerulopathy on renal biopsy that is:
  • Greater than Class I diabetic glomerulopathy, or
  • +24 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (20)

University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine: Division of Nephrology

Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States

RECRUITING

University of Arkansas

Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, United States

RECRUITING

University of California San Francisco

San Francisco, California, 94146, United States

RECRUITING

Stanford University School of Medicine: Division of Nephrology

Stanford, California, 94305, United States

RECRUITING

The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center:Division of Nephrology and Hypertension

Torrance, California, 90502, United States

RECRUITING

University of Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

RECRUITING

Mayo Clinic Jacksonville: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension

Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, United States

RECRUITING

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Div of Nephrology

Miami, Florida, 33136, United States

RECRUITING

Johns Hopkins

Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States

RECRUITING

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

RECRUITING

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104, United States

RECRUITING

University of Minnesota Health Clinical Research Unit

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States

RECRUITING

Washington University in St. Louis

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

RECRUITING

University of Nebraska

Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, United States

RECRUITING

Columbia University Medical Center: Division of Nephrology

New York, New York, 10032, United States

RECRUITING

University of North Carolina School of Medicine: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kidney Center

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-, United States

RECRUITING

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States

RECRUITING

Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center: Division of Nephrology

Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States

RECRUITING

University of Pennsylvania: Department of Medicine: Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

RECRUITING

Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care: Nephrology

Spokane, Washington, 99204, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (1)

  • Ayoub I, Nachman PH. Advances in ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021 Feb;17(2):89-90. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-00388-x. No abstract available.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Glomerulonephritis, MembranousNephrotic Syndrome

Interventions

belimumabRituximab

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

GlomerulonephritisNephritisKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesMale Urogenital DiseasesAutoimmune DiseasesImmune System DiseasesNephrosis

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-DerivedAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodiesImmunoglobulinsImmunoproteinsBlood ProteinsProteinsAmino Acids, Peptides, and ProteinsSerum GlobulinsGlobulins

Study Officials

  • Patrick Nachman

    University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension

    STUDY CHAIR
  • Iñaki Sanz

    Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology

    STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
NIH
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 13, 2019

First Posted

May 14, 2019

Study Start

March 6, 2020

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2030

Last Updated

February 13, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

The plan is to share data upon completion of the study in: Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort), a long-term archive of clinical and mechanistic data from DAIT-funded grants and contracts.

Time Frame
On average, within 24 months after database lock for the trial.
Access Criteria
Open access.
More information

Locations