Whey and Soy Protein Supplementation in Football Players

NCT03753321 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: WHEY vs SOY PROTEIN - UTH
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 10
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

In a constant effort to find ways to make a quicker recovery between demanding workouts and football matches, this study is the first to investigate the benefits of protein supplementation, and compares two types of proteins, an animal-derived (whey) and a plant-derived (soy) protein, after an exercise-induced muscle injury caused by a speed endurance training protocol. Soy protein could be a cheaper and more environment-friendly alternative for athletes involved in high-velocity strength training.

Conditions

Skeletal Muscle Damage; Muscle Damage; Athletic Performance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (12)

• Change in field activity during the speed-endurance production training (SEPT)

  Field activity will be continuously recorded during both SEPT sessions using global positioning system (GPS) technology

  Throughout the SEPT sessions in all trials

• Change in heart rate during the speed-endurance production training (SEPT)

  Heart rate will be continuously recorded during both SEPT sessions using heart rate monitors.

  Throughout the SEPT sessions in all trials

• Change in creatine kinase in plasma

  Concentration of creatine kinase will be measured in plasma

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in repeated sprint ability (RSA)

  5 x 30 m sprints will be performed with 25 seconds rest in-between

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) following SEPT session 1

• Change in countermovement jump (jump height in centimeters)

  Countermovement jump will be assessed on a contact platform

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) following SEPT session 1

• Change in isokinetic strength of lower limbs

  Isokinetic strength will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer for both knee extensors and knee flexors at 60 degrees.

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) following SEPT session 1

• Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of lower limbs

  MVIC will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer for knee extensors at 90 degrees and knee flexors at 30 degrees

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 1, 2 and 3 hours post-SEPT session 1; 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness

  Muscle soreness will assessed during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region of relaxed vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris following three repetitions of of a full squat. Subjects will rate their DOMS on a visual analogue scale (0-10). A score of O indicates no sign or symptom of DOMS, a score of 10 indicated severe signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). These signs and symptoms include dull, diffuse pain and tenderness; stiffness; swelling; and decreased strength of the exercised muscle.

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in total antioxidant capacity in plasma

  Total antioxidant capacity will be measured in plasma

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in protein carbonyl levels in plasma

  Protein carbonyl levels will be measured in plasma

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in GSH levels in red blood cell lysate

  GSH will be measured in red blood cell lysate

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) and 48 hours (Day 10) following SEPT session 1.

• Change in sprint time

  Sprint time will be assessed over a 10m and 30m distance using light cells.

  Baseline; Post-loading (Day 7); 24 hours (Day 9) following SEPT session 1

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Dietary intake

  Over a 7-day period at baseline.

• Concentration of blood lactate

  Pre- and Post-SEPT session 1 (Day 8), Pre- and Post-SEPT session 2 (Day 10)

• Change in habitual physical activity

  Over a 7-day period at baseline

• Change in resting metabolic rate (RMR)

  At baseline.

• Change in body composition

  At baseline.

Study Arms (3)

Whey protein

EXPERIMENTAL

Whey protein isolate supplementation (7 day pre-loading phase and 3 day training phase). The protein dose will be individually adjusted to reach a total protein intake of 1.5 g protein/kg body mass/day.

Dietary Supplement: Whey protein

Soy protein

EXPERIMENTAL

Soy protein isolate supplementation (7 day pre-loading phase and 3 day training phase). The protein dose will be individually adjusted to reach a total protein intake of 1.5 g protein/kg body mass/day.

Dietary Supplement: Soy protein

Placebo (maltodextrin)

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Isoenergetic, maltodextrin (7 day pre-loading phase and 3 day training phase)

Dietary Supplement: Placebo (maltodextrin)

Interventions

Whey protein DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Whey protein isolate supplementation, individually adjusted to reach a total protein intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight/day for 10 days (7 days pre-loading and 3 days during trials 1 and 2)

Whey protein

Soy protein DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Soy protein isolate supplementation, individually adjusted to reach a total protein intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight/day for 10 days (7 days pre-loading and 3 days during trials 1 and 2)

Soy protein

Placebo (maltodextrin) DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Isoenergetic placebo (maltodextrin) for 10 days (7 days pre-loading and 3 days during trials 1 and 2

Placebo (maltodextrin)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Playing at a competitive level (top three divisions) for ≥3 years
• Free of any recent history of illnesses, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
• No use of supplements and medications (for ≤6 months prior to the study)
• Non-smokers

You may not qualify if:

• A known milk intolerance or allergy
• A recent febrile illness
• History of muscle lesion
• Lower limb trauma
• Metabolic diseases.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Thessaly: lead

Study Sites (1)

Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly

Trikala, 42100, Greece

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Kritikos S, Papanikolaou K, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Georgakouli K, Tsimeas P, Tzatzakis T, Batsilas D, Batrakoulis A, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Mohr M, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Mar 16;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00420-w.

  PMID: 33726784 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Whey Proteins; Soybean Proteins; maltodextrin

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Milk Proteins; Animal Proteins, Dietary; Dietary Proteins; Proteins; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Whey; Milk; Dairy Products; Food; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Food and Beverages; Plant Proteins; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Soy Foods; Vegetable Products; Vegetables

Study Officials

• Savvas Kritikos, MScc

  UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS SCIENCES

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 12, 2018
• First Posted: November 26, 2018
• Study Start: November 8, 2018
• Primary Completion: January 20, 2019
• Study Completion: February 20, 2019
• Last Updated: November 24, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-11

Locations

GR (1)