Study Stopped
COVID-19 closed schools in March 2020. Data collection for all elementary schools was completed pre-pandemic. For middle and high schools, the marketing phase was halted. Results will solely reflect the salad bar intervention.
School Lunch Salad Bars and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Salad Bars and Students' Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Group-randomized Trial With Objective Assessments
1 other identifier
interventional
7,491
1 country
1
Brief Summary
The investigators propose an efficacy study (i.e., do salad bars work under controlled conditions in naturalistic settings) to test whether introducing salad bars in elementary, middle, and high schools that have never had salad bars affects students' FV consumption and waste during lunch. A cluster randomized controlled trial will test new salad bars against controls for 6 wks, with/without an additional 4-wk marketing phase .
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Oct 2017
Longer than P75 for not_applicable
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
September 12, 2017
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
September 14, 2017
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
October 1, 2017
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
September 10, 2021
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
June 30, 2023
CompletedNovember 24, 2023
November 1, 2023
3.9 years
September 12, 2017
November 21, 2023
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
Change in grams of fruit and vegetables consumed
The amount (grams) of fresh and canned fruits and vegetables consumed at lunch
Baseline (prior to randomization allocation of installation of salad bars), Time 2 (6 weeks after randomization), and Time 3 (10 weeks after randomization)
Secondary Outcomes (2)
Change in grams of fruit and vegetables selected
Baseline (prior to randomization allocation of installation of salad bars), Time 2 (6 weeks after randomization), and Time 3 (10 weeks after randomization)
Change in percent of fruit and vegetables wasted
Baseline (prior to randomization allocation of installation of salad bars), Time 2 (6 weeks after randomization), and Time 3 (10 weeks after randomization)
Study Arms (4)
Experimental 3
EXPERIMENTALIntroduction of a new salad bar and marketing conditions during second semester of school year
Experimental 2
EXPERIMENTALIntroduction of marketing conditions during second semester of school year
Experimental 1
EXPERIMENTALIntroduction of a new salad bar during second semester of school year
Control
NO INTERVENTIONNo introduction of a new salad bar and no introduction of marketing conditions
Interventions
Marketing conditions (printed material, displays, verbal announcements, prompts and taste tests)
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Students enrolled in any grade between grades one and twelve
- Student ID number matches that on a list of randomly selected student ID numbers from the population of student enrolled in school
- Students who elect to receive a hot entree at lunch
- Students who assent to participate
You may not qualify if:
- Students in detention
- Students in special education
- Students in Kindergarten
- Students not in school for any reason (e.g. illness, vacation)
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- Arizona State Universitylead
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)collaborator
Study Sites (1)
Arizona State University
Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, United States
Related Publications (3)
Adams MA, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Richards TJ, Todd M, Bruening M. Design and rationale for evaluating salad bars and students' fruit and vegetable consumption: A cluster randomized factorial trial with objective assessments. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 Feb;77:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
PMID: 30572161BACKGROUNDBruening M, Adams MA, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Hurley J. Prevalence and Implementation Practices of School Salad Bars Across Grade Levels. Am J Health Promot. 2018 Jul;32(6):1375-1382. doi: 10.1177/0890117116689159. Epub 2017 Feb 19.
PMID: 29214812RESULTAdams MA, Todd M, McEntee ML, Yu TY, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Richards TJ, Bruening M. A cluster randomized factorial trial of school-lunch salad bars and marketing on elementary students' objectively measured fruit and vegetable consumption. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 May 26;22(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01758-z.
PMID: 40420203DERIVED
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Interventions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- SINGLE
- Who Masked
- PARTICIPANT
- Purpose
- PREVENTION
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
- PI Title
- Assistant Professor
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
September 12, 2017
First Posted
September 14, 2017
Study Start
October 1, 2017
Primary Completion
September 10, 2021
Study Completion
June 30, 2023
Last Updated
November 24, 2023
Record last verified: 2023-11
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will not share