Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes

NCT01174875 | Active Not Recruiting

• 4 other identifiers: CIRB 2019/2655/ENMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014MOH-000504
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1,247
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to examine the role of genetic and epigenetic factors, maternal nutrition, lifestyle, emotional health, and other environmental factors in pregnancy or postpartum period that can influence future maternal risk of metabolic and mental wellness, including body weight changes. The study will recruit women in early pregnancy and later follow their children after birth, tracking both the mother and child until the child reaches at least 20 years of age.

Conditions

Metabolic Diseases; Genetic Predisposition; Skin Condition; Environmental Exposure; Socioeconomic Factors; Psychology, Social; Neurological and Mental Health Conditions

Keywords

Epigenetics; Development; Metabolic; Neurodevelopment; Cohort Study; Birth Cohort; Longitudinal Study; Pregnancy; Growth; Developmental Origins of Health and Disease; DOHaD; Epidemiology; Maternal Health; Infant Health; Child Health; Health Outcomes; Postnatal Exposure; Perinatal Exposure; Environmental Factors; Nutrition; Genetics

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Roles of fetal, developmental and epigenetic factors in pathways to disease

  To evaluate the role of fixed genetic risk variants, modifiable epigenetic markers, circulating metabolites and hormones in blood, and host-microbe interactions which can reflect past developmental influences, and in association with other factors, affect future trajectories of development and its relationship to NCDs.

  Perinatal

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Influence of prenatal and early postnatal factors on child health

  During pregnancy and infancy period

• Effect of factors in pregnancy and early postpartum period on maternal health

  During pregnancy and postpartum period

• Influence genetic and epigenetics factors in combination with lifestyle on child health

  Childhood and Adolescence up to age 20

Study Arms (1)

Pregnant mothers, infants and children

Women in their early pregnancy who are attending the first trimester antenatal ultrasound scan at the public maternity units at KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH) and National University Hospital (NUH). Only women age 18 years and above who are Singapore Citizens or Singapore Permanent Residents. Participants have to intend to eventually deliver in NUH or KKH and to reside in Singapore for the next 5 years. Willingness to donate cord, cord blood and placenta. The fetus should be racially homogenous with both sets of grandparents of the same ethnicity. Babies born from these mothers will be followed up until the child is at least 20 years of age.

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Pregnant women attending their first-trimester antenatal visit at public maternity units in KKH and NUH, along with their children born from the indexed pregnancy.

You may qualify if:

• Women 18 years and above
• Pregnant women attending the first visit (\< 14 weeks GA) at the maternity units of KKH and NUH
• Singapore citizens or Singapore Permanent Residents
• Currently resident in mainland Singapore
• Intention to eventually deliver in KKH or NUH
• Intention to reside in Singapore for the next 5 years
• Intention to donate cord, cord blood and placenta
• The fetus should be racially homogenous with both sets of grandparents of the same ethnicity

You may not qualify if:

• Women whose pregnancies end in miscarriages will be excluded
• Pregnant women on chemotherapy
• Exclude women with significant medical conditions e.g. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, psychosis etc.
• Exclude women on certain medications - e.g. psychotropic drugs.
• Mixed marriages will be excluded
• Babies born from these mothers will be invited to participate and followed up until the child is at least 20 years of age.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• KK Women's and Children's Hospital: collaborator
• National University of Singapore: collaborator
• National University Hospital, Singapore: lead
• Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), Singapore: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

National University Hospital

Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Location

Related Publications (72)

• Soh SE, Tint MT, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Rifkin-Graboi A, Chan YH, Stunkel W, Holbrook JD, Kwek K, Chong YS, Saw SM; GUSTO Study Group. Cohort profile: Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;43(5):1401-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt125. Epub 2013 Aug 2. No abstract available.

  PMID: 23912809 RESULT

• Vainqueur C, Padmapriya N, Tint MT, Yap F, Lee YS, Saw SM, Tan KH, Shek LP, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Lioret S, Heude B, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Bernard JY, Poncet L. Longitudinal associations between screen time and whole-body adiposity during the first decade of life: insights from the GUSTO cohort. Int J Obes (Lond). 2026 Mar 9. doi: 10.1038/s41366-026-02046-x. Online ahead of print.

  PMID: 41803381 DERIVED

• Pang WW, Geddes DT, Lai CT, Michael N, Huang J, Chan YH, Cheong CY, Fok D, Pundir S, Ng S, Vickers MH, Chua MC, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Shek LP, Chong YS, Eriksson JG, Chan SY, Wlodek ME. The prospective associations of fetal growth-related pregnancy complications with subsequent breastfeeding duration and markers of human milk production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Feb;121(2):478-487. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.008. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

  PMID: 39542219 DERIVED

• Han MX, Nadarajan R, Wang N, Kee MZL, Lim S, Sagar YK, Chow B, Tan AP, Cheon BK, Ang YS, Zhou JH, Chen HY, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Meaney MJ, Law EC. Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Risk for Childhood Depression: Role of Executive Functions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Aug;64(8):946-958. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.08.503. Epub 2024 Oct 16.

  PMID: 39419473 DERIVED

• Padmapriya N, Bernard JY, Tan SYX, Chu AHY, Goh CMJL, Tan SL, Shek LP, Chong YS, Tan KH, Chan SY, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Meaney MJ, Eriksson JG, Tan CS, Law EC, Muller-Riemenschneider F. The prospective associations of 24-hour movement behaviors and domain-specific activities with executive function and academic achievement among school-aged children in Singapore. Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 4;12:1412634. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412634. eCollection 2024.

  PMID: 39296832 DERIVED

• Xu J, Duar RM, Quah B, Gong M, Tin F, Chan P, Sim CK, Tan KH, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Frese SA, Kyle D, Karnani N. Delayed colonization of Bifidobacterium spp. and low prevalence of B. infantis among infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore: insights from the GUSTO cohort study. Front Pediatr. 2024 Jun 10;12:1421051. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1421051. eCollection 2024.

  PMID: 38915873 DERIVED

• Padmapriya N, Fogel A, Tan SYX, Goh CMJL, Tan SL, Chia A, Chu AHY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Chan SY, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Eriksson JG, Tan CS, Bernard JY, Muller-Riemenschneider F. The cross-sectional and prospective associations of parental practices and environmental factors with 24-hour movement behaviours among school-aged Asian children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024 Mar 4;21(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12966-024-01574-x.

  PMID: 38438945 DERIVED

• Chia A, Toh JY, Natarajan P, Cai S, Ong YY, Descarpentrie A, Lioret S, Bernard JY, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Godfrey KM, Tan KH, Chong YS, Eriksson JG, Chong MF. Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024 Jan 26;21(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12966-024-01564-z.

  PMID: 38279175 DERIVED

• Ong YY, Pang WW, Michael N, Aris IM, Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Liang Choo JT, Ling LH, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Chong MF, Wlodek ME, Lee YS. Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Jan;117(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.021. Epub 2022 Dec 21.

  PMID: 36789947 DERIVED

• Mir SA, Chen L, Burugupalli S, Burla B, Ji S, Smith AAT, Narasimhan K, Ramasamy A, Tan KM, Huynh K, Giles C, Mei D, Wong G, Yap F, Tan KH, Collier F, Saffery R, Vuillermin P, Bendt AK, Burgner D, Ponsonby AL, Lee YS, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Eriksson JG, Meikle PJ, Wenk MR, Karnani N. Population-based plasma lipidomics reveals developmental changes in metabolism and signatures of obesity risk: a mother-offspring cohort study. BMC Med. 2022 Jul 25;20(1):242. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02432-y.

  PMID: 35871677 DERIVED

• Kumar M, Ang LT, Ho C, Soh SE, Tan KH, Chan JKY, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Chong YS, Eriksson JG, Feng M, Karnani N. Machine Learning-Derived Prenatal Predictive Risk Model to Guide Intervention and Prevent the Progression of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes: Prediction Model Development Study. JMIR Diabetes. 2022 Jul 5;7(3):e32366. doi: 10.2196/32366.

  PMID: 35788016 DERIVED

• Loo EXL, Ooi DSQ, Ong M, Ta LDH, Lau HX, Tay MJY, Yap QV, Chan YH, Tham EH, Goh AEN, Van Bever H, Teoh OH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Yap FKP, Karnani N, Xu J, Tan KML, Tan KH, Lee BW, Kramer M, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP. Associations Between Eczema and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children. Front Pediatr. 2022 Mar 30;10:837741. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.837741. eCollection 2022.

  PMID: 35433544 DERIVED

• Chen L, Tan KML, Gong M, Chong MFF, Tan KH, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Gluckman PD, Eriksson JG, Karnani N. Variability in newborn telomere length is explained by inheritance and intrauterine environment. BMC Med. 2022 Jan 25;20(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02217-9.

  PMID: 35073935 DERIVED

• Wong BW, Toh JY, Sugianto R, Chia A, Tint MT, Yuan WL, Padmapriya N, Lanca C, Saw SM, Lee YS, Shek LP, Tan KH, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Eriksson JG, Chan SY, Chong MF. Associations of Childcare Arrangements with Adiposity Measures in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort: The GUSTO Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 19;18(22):12178. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182212178.

  PMID: 34831933 DERIVED

• Padmapriya N, Chen B, Goh CMJL, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Tan KH, Chan SY, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Eriksson JG, Bernard JY, Muller-Riemenschneider F. 24-hour movement behaviour profiles and their transition in children aged 5.5 and 8 years - findings from a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Nov 6;18(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01210-y.

  PMID: 34742314 DERIVED

• Lim IY, Lin X, Teh AL, Wu Y, Chen L, He M, Chan SY, MacIsaac JL, Chan JKY, Tan KH, Chong MFF, Kobor MS, Godfrey KM, Meaney MJ, Lee YS, Eriksson JG, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Karnani N. Dichotomy in the Impact of Elevated Maternal Glucose Levels on Neonatal Epigenome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Feb 17;107(3):e1277-e1292. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab710.

  PMID: 34633450 DERIVED

• Ong J, Sadananthan SA, Soh SE, Ng S, Yuan WL, Aris IM, Tint MT, Michael N, Loy SL, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Shek LP, Yap F, Lee YS, Chong YS, Chan SY. Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Aug 22;21(1):578. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04024-9.

  PMID: 34420517 DERIVED

• Pang WW, Geddes DT, Lai CT, Chan SY, Chan YH, Cheong CY, Fok D, Chua MC, Lim SB, Huang J, Pundir S, Tan KH, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Shek LP, Vickers MH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Wlodek ME. The association of maternal gestational hyperglycemia with breastfeeding duration and markers of milk production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep 1;114(3):1219-1228. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab142.

  PMID: 33963740 DERIVED

• Loo EXL, Lau HX, Suaini NHA, Wong LSY, Goh AEN, Teoh OH, Van Bever HP, Shek LP, Lee BW, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Tham EH. House dust mite sensitization, eczema, and wheeze increase risk of shellfish sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021 Jul;32(5):1096-1099. doi: 10.1111/pai.13493. Epub 2021 Mar 20. No abstract available.

  PMID: 33687761 DERIVED

• van Lee L, Chia A, Phua D, Colega M, Padmapriya N, Bernard JY, Cai S, Tham EKH, Teoh OH, Goh D, Gooley JJ, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Shek LPC, Godfrey KM, Tan KH, Chong YS, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Broekman B, Meaney M, Chen H, Chong MFF. Multiple modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of perinatal depression during pregnancy: Findings from the GUSTO cohort. Compr Psychiatry. 2020 Nov;103:152210. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152210. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

  PMID: 33045668 DERIVED

• Xu J, Lawley B, Wong G, Otal A, Chen L, Ying TJ, Lin X, Pang WW, Yap F, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Chong MF, Tannock GW, Karnani N. Ethnic diversity in infant gut microbiota is apparent before the introduction of complementary diets. Gut Microbes. 2020 Sep 2;11(5):1362-1373. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1756150. Epub 2020 May 26.

  PMID: 32453615 DERIVED

• Tan CW, Sultana R, Kee MZL, Meaney MJ, Sng BL. Investigating the association between labour epidural analgesia and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020 Sep;37(9):796-802. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001236.

  PMID: 32453169 DERIVED

• Tint MT, Sadananthan SA, Soh SE, Aris IM, Michael N, Tan KH, Shek LPC, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Velan SS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Fortier MV, Zhang C, Lee YS. Maternal glycemia during pregnancy and offspring abdominal adiposity measured by MRI in the neonatal period and preschool years: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective mother-offspring birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jul 1;112(1):39-47. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa055.

  PMID: 32219421 DERIVED

• Fogel A, McCrickerd K, Aris IM, Goh AT, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Cai S, Pang WW, Yuan WL, Lee YS, Forde CG. Eating behaviors moderate the associations between risk factors in the first 1000 days and adiposity outcomes at 6 years of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 May 1;111(5):997-1006. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa052.

  PMID: 32219418 DERIVED

• Chen B, Bernard JY, Padmapriya N, Ning Y, Cai S, Lanca C, Tan KH, Yap F, Chong YS, Shek L, Godfrey KM, Saw SM, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Tan CS, Muller-Riemenschneider F. Associations between early-life screen viewing and 24 hour movement behaviours: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Mar;4(3):201-209. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30424-9. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

  PMID: 32004497 DERIVED

• Loo EXL, Zhu Y, Lai JS, Chan YH, Ong CN, Tham EH, Goh A, Teoh OH, Tan KH, Yap F, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Van Bever H, Lee BW, Chong MF, Shek LP. Association between maternal carotenoid, vitamin A, and vitamin E levels and allergic outcomes in the offspring in the first 5 years of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020 Jan;31(1):95-97. doi: 10.1111/pai.13122. Epub 2019 Oct 9. No abstract available.

  PMID: 31532016 DERIVED

• Quah PL, Kleijweg J, Chang YY, Toh JY, Lim HX, Sugianto R, Aris IM, Yuan WL, Tint MT, Bernard JY, Natarajan P, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Shek LP, Tan KH, Eriksson JG, Yap F, Lee YS, Chong MFF. Association of sugar-sweetened beverage intake at 18 months and 5 years of age with adiposity outcomes at 6 years of age: the Singapore GUSTO mother-offspring cohort. Br J Nutr. 2019 Dec 14;122(11):1303-1312. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519002253.

  PMID: 31477198 DERIVED

• Quah PL, Ng JC, Fries LR, Chan MJ, Aris IM, Lee YS, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Shek LP, Tan KH, Forde CG, Chong MFF. Longitudinal Analysis Between Maternal Feeding Practices and Body Mass Index (BMI): A Study in Asian Singaporean Preschoolers. Front Nutr. 2019 Apr 2;6:32. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00032. eCollection 2019.

  PMID: 31001535 DERIVED

• Loy SL, Lim LM, Chan SY, Tan PT, Chee YL, Quah PL, Chan JKY, Tan KH, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Shek LP, Chong MF, Kramer MS, Chong YS, Chi C. Iron status and risk factors of iron deficiency among pregnant women in Singapore: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2019 Apr 11;19(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6736-y.

  PMID: 30975203 DERIVED

• Wu Y, Lin X, Lim IY, Chen L, Teh AL, MacIsaac JL, Tan KH, Kobor MS, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Karnani N. Analysis of two birth tissues provides new insights into the epigenetic landscape of neonates born preterm. Clin Epigenetics. 2019 Feb 11;11(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13148-018-0599-4.

  PMID: 30744680 DERIVED

• Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Michael N, Aris IM, Loy SL, Lee KJ, Shek LP, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Leow MK, Lee YS, Kramer MS, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Karnani N, Henry CJ, Fortier MV, Velan SS. Association Between Early Life Weight Gain and Abdominal Fat Partitioning at 4.5 Years is Sex, Ethnicity, and Age Dependent. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Mar;27(3):470-478. doi: 10.1002/oby.22408. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

  PMID: 30707510 DERIVED

• Loo EXL, Chew LJM, Zulkifli AB, Ta LDH, Kuo IC, Goh A, Teoh OH, Van Bever H, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Lee BW, Shek LP. Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study. World Allergy Organ J. 2018 Dec 5;11(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40413-018-0212-5. eCollection 2018.

  PMID: 30534340 DERIVED

• Tham EH, Tan PT, Loo EXL, Goh AEN, Teoh OH, Yap F, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Van Bever HP, Lee BW, Finkelstein EA, Chong YS, Shek LP. Early childcare enrollment and childhood wheezing phenotypes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019 Feb;30(1):122-127. doi: 10.1111/pai.12983. Epub 2018 Dec 9. No abstract available.

  PMID: 30246437 DERIVED

• Bernard JY, Pan H, Aris IM, Moreno-Betancur M, Soh SE, Yap F, Tan KH, Shek LP, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Calder PC, Godfrey KM, Chong MF, Kramer MS, Karnani N, Lee YS. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gestation duration, and birth size: a Mendelian randomization study using fatty acid desaturase variants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;108(1):92-100. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy079.

  PMID: 29878044 DERIVED

• Soh SE, Goh A, Teoh OH, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Shek LP, Chong YS. Pregnancy Trimester-Specific Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health Outcomes in the First 2 Years of Life: Effect Modification by Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 15;15(5):996. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050996.

  PMID: 29762532 DERIVED

• Tham EH, Loo EXL, Goh A, Teoh OH, Yap F, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Van Bever H, Lee BW, Chong YS, Shek LP. Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and childhood eczema, rhinitis and wheeze. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019 Feb;60(1):28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 24.

  PMID: 29678409 DERIVED

• Fogel A, Mccrickerd K, Fries LR, Goh AT, Quah PL, Chan MJ, Toh JY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Lee YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Forde CG. Eating in the absence of hunger: Stability over time and associations with eating behaviours and body composition in children. Physiol Behav. 2018 Aug 1;192:82-89. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.033. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

  PMID: 29609000 DERIVED

• Chi C, Loy SL, Chan SY, Choong C, Cai S, Soh SE, Tan KH, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Shek LP, Chan JKY, Kramer MS, Chong YS. Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Mar 21;18(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1707-3.

  PMID: 29562895 DERIVED

• Fogel A, Fries LR, McCrickerd K, Goh AT, Quah PL, Chan MJ, Toh JY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Lee YS, Godfrey KM, Fong Chong MF, Forde CG. Oral processing behaviours that promote children's energy intake are associated with parent-reported appetitive traits: Results from the GUSTO cohort. Appetite. 2018 Jul 1;126:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.011. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

  PMID: 29551400 DERIVED

• Lim SX, Toh JY, van Lee L, Han WM, Shek LP, Tan KH, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Chong MF. Food Sources of Energy and Macronutrient Intakes among Infants from 6 to 12 Months of Age: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Mar 10;15(3):488. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030488.

  PMID: 29534442 DERIVED

• Chia AR, Tint MT, Han CY, Chen LW, Colega M, Aris IM, Chua MC, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Fortier MV, Lee YS, Chong MF. Adherence to a healthy eating index for pregnant women is associated with lower neonatal adiposity in a multiethnic Asian cohort: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jan 1;107(1):71-79. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx003.

  PMID: 29381790 DERIVED

• Lin X, Teh AL, Chen L, Lim IY, Tan PF, MacIsaac JL, Morin AM, Yap F, Tan KH, Saw SM, Lee YS, Holbrook JD, Godfrey KM, Meaney MJ, Kobor MS, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Karnani N. Choice of surrogate tissue influences neonatal EWAS findings. BMC Med. 2017 Dec 5;15(1):211. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0970-x.

  PMID: 29202839 DERIVED

• Chen LW, Tint MT, Fortier MV, Aris IM, Shek LP, Tan KH, Chan SY, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Rajadurai VS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Lee YS. Which anthropometric measures best reflect neonatal adiposity? Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Mar;42(3):501-506. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.250. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

  PMID: 28990589 DERIVED

• Bernard JY, Padmapriya N, Chen B, Cai S, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek L, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Kramer MS, Saw SM, Muller-Riemenschneider F. Predictors of screen viewing time in young Singaporean children: the GUSTO cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Sep 5;14(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0562-3.

  PMID: 28870219 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Bernard JY, Chen LW, Tint MT, Pang WW, Soh SE, Saw SM, Shek LP, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Lee YS. Modifiable risk factors in the first 1000 days for subsequent risk of childhood overweight in an Asian cohort: significance of parental overweight status. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Jan;42(1):44-51. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.178. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

  PMID: 28751763 DERIVED

• Loy SL, Wee PH, Colega MT, Cheung YB, Aris IM, Chan JKY, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Tan KH, Shek LP, Chong YS, Natarajan P, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Lek N, Rajadurai VS, Tint MT, Lee YS, Chong MF, Yap F. Maternal Night-Fasting Interval during Pregnancy Is Directly Associated with Neonatal Head Circumference and Adiposity in Girls but Not Boys. J Nutr. 2017 Jul;147(7):1384-1391. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.250639. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

  PMID: 28592516 DERIVED

• Loo EX, Goh A, Aris IBM, Teoh OH, Shek LP, Lee BW, Chan YH, Tint MT, Soh SE, Saw SM, Gluckman P, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Van Bever H, Lee YS. Effects of infant weight gain on subsequent allergic outcomes in the first 3 years of life. BMC Pediatr. 2017 Jun 2;17(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0890-0.

  PMID: 28576134 DERIVED

• Loo EXL, Sim JZT, Loy SL, Goh A, Chan YH, Tan KH, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Van Bever H, Lee BW, Chong YS, Shek LP, Koh MJA, Ang SB. Associations between caesarean delivery and allergic outcomes: Results from the GUSTO study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 May;118(5):636-638. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.021. No abstract available.

  PMID: 28477794 DERIVED

• Loy SL, Ng MJH, Cheung YB, Godfrey KM, Calder PC, Lek N, Yap F, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Natarajan P, Chong YS, Tan KH, Shek LP, Chong MF, Chan JKY. Plasma omega-3 fatty acids in pregnancy are inversely associated with postpartum weight retention in a multiethnic Asian cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 May;105(5):1158-1165. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151258. Epub 2017 Mar 22.

  PMID: 28330907 DERIVED

• Pang WW, Colega M, Cai S, Chan YH, Padmapriya N, Chen LW, Soh SE, Han WM, Tan KH, Lee YS, Saw SM, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, van Dam RM, Chong MF. Higher Maternal Dietary Protein Intake Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Asian Cohort. J Nutr. 2017 Apr;147(4):653-660. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.243881. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

  PMID: 28275101 DERIVED

• Lin X, Lim IY, Wu Y, Teh AL, Chen L, Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, MacIsaac JL, Morin AM, Yap F, Tan KH, Saw SM, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Holbrook JD, Lee YS, Gluckman PD, Karnani N; GUSTO study group. Developmental pathways to adiposity begin before birth and are influenced by genotype, prenatal environment and epigenome. BMC Med. 2017 Mar 7;15(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0800-1.

  PMID: 28264723 DERIVED

• Fogel A, Goh AT, Fries LR, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Michael N, Tint MT, Fortier MV, Chan MJ, Toh JY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Lee YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Forde CG. A description of an 'obesogenic' eating style that promotes higher energy intake and is associated with greater adiposity in 4.5year-old children: Results from the GUSTO cohort. Physiol Behav. 2017 Jul 1;176:107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

  PMID: 28213204 DERIVED

• Chen LW, Aris IM, Bernard JY, Tint MT, Colega M, Gluckman PD, Tan KH, Shek LP, Chong YS, Yap F, Godfrey KM, van Dam RM, Chong MF, Lee YS. Associations of maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy with infant BMI peak characteristics and childhood BMI. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Mar;105(3):705-713. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148270. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

  PMID: 28179222 DERIVED

• Loy SL, Chan JK, Wee PH, Colega MT, Cheung YB, Godfrey KM, Kwek K, Saw SM, Chong YS, Natarajan P, Muller-Riemenschneider F, Lek N, Chong MF, Yap F. Maternal Circadian Eating Time and Frequency Are Associated with Blood Glucose Concentrations during Pregnancy. J Nutr. 2017 Jan;147(1):70-77. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.239392. Epub 2016 Oct 19.

  PMID: 27798346 DERIVED

• Chia AR, de Seymour JV, Colega M, Chen LW, Chan YH, Aris IM, Tint MT, Quah PL, Godfrey KM, Yap F, Saw SM, Baker PN, Chong YS, van Dam RM, Lee YS, Chong MF. A vegetable, fruit, and white rice dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of preterm birth and larger birth size in a multiethnic Asian cohort: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Nov;104(5):1416-1423. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133892. Epub 2016 Oct 12.

  PMID: 27733407 DERIVED

• van Lee L, Tint MT, Aris IM, Quah PL, Fortier MV, Lee YS, Yap FK, Saw SM, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Kramer MS, Chong MF. Prospective associations of maternal betaine status with offspring weight and body composition at birth: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Nov;104(5):1327-1333. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138818. Epub 2016 Sep 21.

  PMID: 27655442 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Bernard JY, Chen LW, Tint MT, Pang WW, Lim WY, Soh SE, Saw SM, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Lee YS. Infant body mass index peak and early childhood cardio-metabolic risk markers in a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 1;46(2):513-525. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw232.

  PMID: 27649801 DERIVED

• Chen LW, Tint MT, Fortier MV, Aris IM, Bernard JY, Colega M, Gluckman PD, Saw SM, Chong YS, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Kramer MS, van Dam RM, Chong MF, Lee YS. Maternal Macronutrient Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Abdominal Adiposity: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. J Nutr. 2016 Aug;146(8):1571-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.230730. Epub 2016 Jul 6.

  PMID: 27385763 DERIVED

• Cheng TS, Loy SL, Toh JY, Cheung YB, Chan JK, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Saw SM, Chong YS, Lee YS, Lek N, Chong MF, Yap F. Predominantly nighttime feeding and weight outcomes in infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;104(2):380-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130765. Epub 2016 Jul 6.

  PMID: 27385614 DERIVED

• Quah PL, Cheng TS, Cheung YB, Yap F, Saw SM, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Chong MF. Maternal and infant correlates of maternal feeding beliefs and practices in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) study. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Oct;19(15):2789-98. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016000744. Epub 2016 Apr 28.

  PMID: 27121890 DERIVED

• Tint MT, Fortier MV, Godfrey KM, Shuter B, Kapur J, Rajadurai VS, Agarwal P, Chinnadurai A, Niduvaje K, Chan YH, Aris IB, Soh SE, Yap F, Saw SM, Kramer MS, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Lee YS. Abdominal adipose tissue compartments vary with ethnicity in Asian neonates: Growing Up in Singapore Toward Healthy Outcomes birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 May;103(5):1311-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108738. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

  PMID: 27053381 DERIVED

• Cheng TS, Loy SL, Cheung YB, Chan JK, Pang WW, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Kwek K, Saw SM, Chong YS, Lee YS, Lek N, Yap F. Sexually dimorphic response to feeding mode in the growth of infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;103(2):398-405. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115493. Epub 2015 Dec 30.

  PMID: 26718413 DERIVED

• Quah PL, Chan YH, Aris IM, Pang WW, Toh JY, Tint MT, Broekman BF, Saw SM, Kwek K, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Yap FK, van Dam RM, Lee YS, Chong MF; GUSTO Study Group. Prospective associations of appetitive traits at 3 and 12 months of age with body mass index and weight gain in the first 2 years of life. BMC Pediatr. 2015 Oct 12;15:153. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0467-8.

  PMID: 26459321 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, Saw SM, Rajadurai VS, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Lee YS. Associations of gestational glycemia and prepregnancy adiposity with offspring growth and adiposity in an Asian population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Nov;102(5):1104-12. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.117614. Epub 2015 Sep 30.

  PMID: 26423388 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, Saw SM, Rajadurai VS, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Lee YS. Associations of infant milk feed type on early postnatal growth of offspring exposed and unexposed to gestational diabetes in utero. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Feb;56(1):55-64. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1057-0. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

  PMID: 26415764 DERIVED

• Chong MF, Ong YL, Calder PC, Colega M, Wong JX, Tan CS, Lim AL, Fisk HL, Cai S, Pang WW, Broekman BF, Saw SM, Kwek K, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Meaney MJ, Chen H; GUSTO Study Group. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during pregnancy and maternal mental health in pregnancy and the postpartum period: results from the GUSTO study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;76(7):e848-56. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09191.

  PMID: 26231011 DERIVED

• Lin X, Aris IM, Tint MT, Soh SE, Godfrey KM, Yeo GS, Kwek K, Chan JK, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Yap F, Holbrook JD, Lee YS. Ethnic Differences in Effects of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Adiposity on Offspring Size and Adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Oct;100(10):3641-50. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1728. Epub 2015 Jul 22.

  PMID: 26200236 DERIVED

• Chong MF, Chia AR, Colega M, Tint MT, Aris IM, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Godfrey KM, Kwek K, Saw SM, Yap F, van Dam RM, Lee YS; GUSTO Study Group. Maternal Protein Intake during Pregnancy Is Not Associated with Offspring Birth Weight in a Multiethnic Asian Population. J Nutr. 2015 Jun;145(6):1303-10. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.205948. Epub 2015 May 6.

  PMID: 25948786 DERIVED

• Cai S, Pang WW, Low YL, Sim LW, Sam SC, Bruntraeger MB, Wong EQ, Fok D, Broekman BF, Singh L, Richmond J, Agarwal P, Qiu A, Saw SM, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Kramer MS, Rifkin-Graboi A; GUSTO Study Group. Infant feeding effects on early neurocognitive development in Asian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Feb;101(2):326-36. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095414. Epub 2014 Dec 10.

  PMID: 25646330 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Gandhi M, Cheung YB, Soh SE, Tint MT, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Yap FK, Chong YS. A new population-based reference for gestational age-specific size-at-birth of Singapore infants. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2014 Sep;43(9):439-47.

  PMID: 25341628 DERIVED

• Chong MF, Wong JX, Colega M, Chen LW, van Dam RM, Tan CS, Lim AL, Cai S, Broekman BF, Lee YS, Saw SM, Kwek K, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Meaney MJ, Chen H; GUSTO study group. Relationships of maternal folate and vitamin B12 status during pregnancy with perinatal depression: The GUSTO study. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Aug;55:110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.006. Epub 2014 Apr 16.

  PMID: 24774647 DERIVED

• Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, Liang S, Chinnadurai A, Saw SM, Rajadurai VS, Kwek K, Meaney MJ, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Yap FK, Chong YS, Lee YS. Effect of maternal glycemia on neonatal adiposity in a multiethnic Asian birth cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jan;99(1):240-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2738. Epub 2013 Dec 20.

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Related Links

• Study website

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITH DNA

Collection of human biological materials such as blood, cord, cord blood, placenta, vaginal swabs, rectal swabs, skin (vulva and breast) swabs, nasal swab, skin microbiome samples, breast milk, hair, saliva, buccal swabs, exfoliated milk teeth, urine, stool, dental plaque/biofilm and skin samplings (using ceramic discs, skin tapes and swabs),

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Metabolic Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Skin Diseases; Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Disease Susceptibility; Disease Attributes; Pathologic Processes; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prenatal Injuries; Pregnancy Complications; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases

Study Officials

• Yap Seng Chong

  National University Health System

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor Chong Yap Seng

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 1, 2010
• First Posted: August 4, 2010
• Study Start: June 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2029
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2029
• Last Updated: February 9, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

SG (1)