Effects of Music and Vibration on Morning Muscle Strength and Cognitive Measures in Males

NCT07558408 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 251108LJMUREC75
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 14
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Athletes often compete in the morning when they are biologically weaker; normally in competition heats or quarterfinals to qualify for the finals scheduled in the evening. Some athletes may even choose to perform at submaximal levels in these qualifying rounds, especially when they are expected to perform multiple times in the same day (such as weightlifting at the Olympic Games). Gross muscular performance such as power output or force production is greater in the evening than the morning (\~3-14% variation. Similarly, time-trial performance and repeated sprint performance (RSP) a good measure of performance in team sport) is \~3 and 5 % greater in the evening than the morning. To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet investigated combined effect of vibration technology after a warm-up or music of different frequencies during testing on cognitive and physiological performance. As a daily variation in muscle strength has been widely reported in a similar population the aims of the present study are to investigate if we can improve morning muscle performance by vibration technology after a warm-up or music of different frequencies during testing on cognitive and physiological performance.

Conditions

Music Exposure; Music Plus 15 Percent Tempo; WBV and Music; NoMusic - Control; Whole Body Vibration

Keywords

Music; Morning strength; Morning cognitive performance; WBV; Whole body vibration

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Morning peak force production (N) measured via the Biodex Isometric MVC, with and without percutaneous stimulation.

  To assess the effect of music on morning peak force production (N) measured via the Biodex Isometric MVC, with and without percutaneous stimulation.

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• Average and peak velocity

  Average and peak velocity, measure in meter per second (ms-1), for bench press and back squat at 40, 60 and 80% 1RM (maximum repetition). Body mass was factored into the back squat exercise, as this is a whole-body movement, but not into the bench press using the MuscleLab force-velocity linear encoder (Muscle Lab, Ergotest version 4010, Norway)

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• Average force

  Average force, measured in Newtons (N) for bench press and back squat at 40, 60 and 80% 1RM (maximum repetition). Body mass was factored into the back squat exercise, as this is a whole-body movement, but not into the bench press using the MuscleLab force-velocity linear encoder (Muscle Lab, Ergotest version 4010, Norway)

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• Average and peak power

  Average and peak power, measured in Watts (W) for bench press and back squat at 40, 60 and 80% 1RM (maximum repetition). Body mass was factored into the back squat exercise, as this is a whole-body movement, but not into the bench press using the MuscleLab force-velocity linear encoder (Muscle Lab, Ergotest version 4010, Norway)

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• time to peak velocity and power

  time to peak velocity and power, measured in seconds (s) bench press and back squat at 40, 60 and 80% 1RM (maximum repetition). Body mass was factored into the back squat exercise, as this is a whole-body movement, but not into the bench press using the MuscleLab force-velocity linear encoder (Muscle Lab, Ergotest version 4010, Norway)

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Morning Trail Making Test time to completion in seconds (TMT; parts A and B)

  From enrolment to last experimental session (4 weeks)

• Morning Stroop word-color interference test

  From familiarisation to final experimental session (~4 weeks)

Other Outcomes (6)

• Rectal and Skin Temperature

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• Sleep questionnaires

  From familiarisation to the final experimental session (~4 weeks)

• Habitual caffeine consumption

  Baseline

Study Arms (3)

Group 1

EXPERIMENTAL

i) NoMusic, ii) MUS, iii) MUS15, iv) Vibration, v) Vibration and Music

Other: Original Music; Other: Music intervention; Other: Control; Device: Whole-body vibration; Device: Whole-body vibration and music

Group 2

EXPERIMENTAL

i) MUS15, ii) Vibration, iii) NoMusic, iv) Vibration and Music v) MUS

Other: Original Music; Other: Music intervention; Other: Control; Device: Whole-body vibration; Device: Whole-body vibration and music

Group 3

EXPERIMENTAL

i)Vibration and music, ii) MUS, iii) MUS15, iv) NoMusic, v) Vibration

Other: Original Music; Other: Music intervention; Other: Control; Device: Whole-body vibration; Device: Whole-body vibration and music

Interventions

Original Music OTHER

\~20 Self-selected preferred "generally" motivational music between 110 to 130 bpm

Group 1; Group 2; Group 3

Music intervention OTHER

Same as 'Original Music' but time stretched by 15%

Group 1; Group 2; Group 3

Control OTHER

No Music

Group 1; Group 2; Group 3

Whole-body vibration DEVICE

Whole body vibration, for 15 minutes at 60Hz

Group 1; Group 2; Group 3

Whole-body vibration and music DEVICE

Whole-body vibration for 15 minutes at 60Hz, plus Original music intervention during performance

Also known as: VIB+MUS

Group 1; Group 2; Group 3

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy adults
• years old
• Injury-free
• ≥ 2 years of weight/strength training experience
• Not receiving any pharmacological treatment (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) throughout the study period
• Low habitual caffeine consumers (≤ 150mg per day)
• No preference to training regarding time-of-day

You may not qualify if:

• Depressed mood (from the Beck depression inventory)
• Poor sleep quality (a Pittsburgh sleep quality index global score \>5
• Recent shiftwork or travel across multiple time-zones
• 'Extreme' chronotype (assessed via the Composite Morningness Questionnaire
• Risk factors and/or symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
• Minimal knowledge of the effects of time-of-day or time-since-sleep on human performance

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Liverpool John Moores University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Tom Reilly Building (LJMU)

Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 3AF, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (6)

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00586.x

  BACKGROUND

• https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S30048

  BACKGROUND

• DOI: 10.1111/sms.12979

  BACKGROUND

• DOI: 10.1177/00315125211002406

  BACKGROUND

• https://doi.org/10.3390/ jfmk6020033

  BACKGROUND

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000216

  BACKGROUND

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Masking Details: Both researcher and participants did not know what of the two music was each
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Postgraduate Researcher

Model Details: Double blinded counterbalanced design with three conditions

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 14, 2026
• First Posted: April 30, 2026
• Study Start: November 17, 2025
• Primary Completion: December 19, 2025
• Study Completion: February 27, 2026
• Last Updated: April 30, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

GB (1)