NCT07368881

Brief Summary

Consumption of out-of-home (OOH) food is associated with significantly greater energy and less-healthy nutrient (i.e. fats, salt and sugar) intake. The price of food is a key consideration of food choice, particularly for individuals of lower socioeconomic position (SEP). Little research to date has examined the causal effect of removing price-based incentives on purchasing behaviour in OOH food settings. One online randomised controlled trial explored the effect of removing three types of price-based incentives individually and in combination, on food choice through a virtual food delivery platform. This study found that energy selection was 7-8% lower when price incentives were removed. While not statistically significant, Bayes factors indicted that data comparing control vs "all promotions removed" conditions were inconclusive (BF10 = 0.55) and therefore could not provide support for the alternative or null hypotheses. A limitation of this study is that the outcome was hypothetical food choice. As participants would not pay for or receive their selected meals, the prices of foods may have been less salient, thus reducing the potential for impact. In the present study, exploring real-world consumer behaviour (as opposed to hypothetical choice) will better determine the potential impact of removing price-based incentives in the OOH food sector.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
600

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
0mo left

Started Feb 2026

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress88%
Feb 2026Jun 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

January 20, 2026

Completed
7 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 27, 2026

Completed
28 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 24, 2026

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 30, 2026

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 30, 2026

Last Updated

May 1, 2026

Status Verified

January 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4 months

First QC Date

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submit

April 30, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

ObesityFood pricingPrice promotions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Energy consumed per household member

    Main participants will select a food order on behalf of their household. The day after receiving their food order, all participants will be asked to estimate the amount of each ordered item that they ate. This information will be used to estimate energy consumed by each household member.

    The morning after food orders are placed.

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Total monetary spend per household member

    Immediately after food choice

  • Energy content per household member

    Immediately after food choice

Study Arms (2)

Control condition

OTHER

Participants will choose from a food menu with regular pricing, and three price-based incentives present (value pricing, bulk-buy incentives, and price reductions).

Behavioral: Control

Experimental condition

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will choose from a menu with no price-based incentives present.

Behavioral: Experimental

Interventions

ExperimentalBEHAVIORAL

Food menus will provided with all three types of price promotions removed

Experimental condition
ControlBEHAVIORAL

Participants will be asked to select a meal from a pizza outlet with all price-based incentives present (value pricing, price reductions, bulk-buy incentives).

Control condition

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Able to order and pay for a takeaway pizza for delivery today or tomorrow
  • Currently reside in select postcode areas
  • Manchester (M13 store): M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M18, M19
  • Liverpool (L3 store): L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L8, L13, L15
  • Birmingham (B27 store): B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B25, B26, B27, B28, B33, B90, B91, B92
  • Over the age of 18 years
  • Report having used food delivery services in the last year

You may not qualify if:

  • Partaking in a fast or other restrictive eating (e.g. for religious or health reasons) at time of participation
  • A previous eating disorder diagnosis
  • Currently on appetite-suppressing medication
  • Dietary restrictions/intolerances including:
  • Gluten-free
  • Dairy-free
  • Sugar-free

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Liverpool

Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Feeding BehaviorObesity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior, AnimalBehaviorOverweightOvernutritionNutrition DisordersNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesBody WeightSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
Masking Details
Participants and researchers will not know the group to which individuals have been assigned.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

January 20, 2026

First Posted

January 27, 2026

Study Start

February 24, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Last Updated

May 1, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Study data (anonymised) will be shared on the Open Science Framework (OSF)

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
Time Frame
On publication, indefinitely
Access Criteria
Open website
More information

Locations