Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Indonesian Nursing Students: A Psychometric Testing

NCT07192406 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: 25.7.24
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 672
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.

Conditions

Masculinity; Scale Reliability Validity; Nursing; Student

Keywords

nursing; masculinity; student; psychometry; scale

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Toxic Masculinity

  The Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS-28) measures endorsement of harmful masculine norms across four domains: Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, and Repressed Suffering. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in male dominance, rigid gender binaries, emotional suppression, and avoidance of help when in pain. In validation samples, average scores were around 58 (on a 28-140 range), suggesting generally low-to-moderate endorsement. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability (α ≈ .93) and strong validity, correlating positively with traditional masculinity norms and negatively with feminist attitudes. These outcomes help identify patterns of toxic masculinity that may impact well-being and relationships.

  one time

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 17 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

all nursing students are in indonesia national wide

You may qualify if:

• nursing student
• more than 17 years
• fluent in the Indonesian language

You may not qualify if:

• catastropic condition
• gap year during study

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kaohsiung Medical University: lead

Study Sites (1)

School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang

Subang, West Java, 41211, Indonesia

Location

Related Publications (4)

• Sanders SM, Garcia-Aguilera C, Borgogna NC, Sy JRT, Comoglio G, Schultz OAM, Goldman J. The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Nov 14;14(11):1096. doi: 10.3390/bs14111096.

  PMID: 39594396 RESULT

• Parent MC, Gobble TD, Rochlen A. Social Media Behavior, Toxic Masculinity, and Depression. Psychol Men Masc. 2019 Jul;20(3):277-287. doi: 10.1037/men0000156. Epub 2018 Apr 23.

  PMID: 38250140 RESULT

• Jbilou J, Levesque N, Sonier RP, Tully PJ, Pinette-Drapeau I, Sonier V, Charbonneau A, Greenman PS, Grenier J, Chomienne MH. Canadian French Translation and Preliminary Validation of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):15579883211057391. doi: 10.1177/15579883211057391.

  PMID: 34836484 RESULT

• Levant RF, McDermott R, Parent MC, Alshabani N, Mahalik JR, Hammer JH. Development and evaluation of a new short form of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30). J Couns Psychol. 2020 Oct;67(5):622-636. doi: 10.1037/cou0000414. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

  PMID: 32011153 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Masculinity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Social Behavior; Behavior

Study Officials

• Novi S Nursafitri, RN

  School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 24, 2025
• First Posted: September 25, 2025
• Study Start: September 23, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 30, 2025
• Study Completion: November 30, 2025
• Last Updated: January 27, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Locations

ID (1)