NCT05600426

Brief Summary

Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA) is a rare condition in which the body stops producing enough new blood cells. SAA can be cured with immune suppressive therapy or a bone marrow transplant. Regular treatment for patients with aplastic anemia who have a matched sibling (brother or sister), or family donor is a bone marrow transplant. Patients without a matched family donor normally are treated with immune suppressive therapy (IST). Match unrelated donor (URD) bone marrow transplant (BMT) is used as a secondary treatment in patients who did not get better with IST, had their disease come back, or a new worse disease replaced it (like leukemia). This trial will compare time from randomization to failure of treatment or death from any cause of IST versus URD BMT when used as initial therapy to treat SAA. The trial will also assess whether health-related quality of life and early markers of fertility differ between those randomized to URD BMT or IST, as well as assess the presence of marrow failure-related genes and presence of gene mutations associated with MDS or leukemia and the change in gene signatures after treatment in both study arms. This study treatment does not include any investigational drugs. The medicines and procedures in this study are standard for treatment of SAA.

Trial Health

78
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
53

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for phase_3

Timeline
43mo left

Started Jan 2023

Longer than P75 for phase_3

Geographic Reach
2 countries

52 active sites

Status
active not recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress48%
Jan 2023Dec 2029

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 20, 2022

Completed
11 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 31, 2022

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 25, 2023

Completed
6.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2029

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2029

Last Updated

February 17, 2026

Status Verified

October 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

6.9 years

First QC Date

October 20, 2022

Last Update Submit

February 12, 2026

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • The primary endpoint of this trial is time from randomization to treatment failure or death from any cause.

    The median time to failure or death will be compared on the two arms using the log-rank test. Failure of IST is defined as the date that a second definitive therapy was recommended (BMT, second course of ATG) and failure of BMT defined as the date that a second definitive therapy was recommended (second BMT, course of ATG).

    Randomization to 2 years post-randomization

Secondary Outcomes (27)

  • Comparison of subjects with failure of IST or BMT before or at 2 years

    Randomization to 2 years post-randomization

  • Comparison of subjects with inadequate counts at 2 years among those who have not died or failed treatment.

    Randomization to 2 years post-randomization

  • Comparison of subjects on immune suppression therapy at 2 years among those who have not died or failed treatment.

    Randomization to 2 years post-randomization

  • Estimate the time from randomization to initiation of IST or BMT.

    Randomization through Day 100

  • Comparison of the frequency of failure to receive primary assigned therapy (IST or BMT) and reasons for the failure.

    Randomization through Day 100

  • +22 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Immunosuppressive Therapy

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Patient will receive standard immunosuppressive therapy combination of drugs: horse anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine.

Drug: cyclosporineDrug: horse anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)Procedure: Immunosuppressive Therapy (IST)

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Patient will under go matched unrelated donor transplant of hematopoietic stem cells as their therapy using fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), and low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) as preparative regimen and cyclosporine and methotrexate for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prevention.

Drug: cyclosporineProcedure: Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoetic Stem Cell TransplantDrug: rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)Drug: MethotrexateDrug: FludarabineDrug: CyclophosphamideRadiation: low-dose total body irradiation (TBI)

Interventions

low-dose total body irradiation (TBI)

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

Immunosuppressive Therapy (IST)

Immunosuppressive Therapy

horse anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)

Also known as: ATGAM
Immunosuppressive Therapy

rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)

Also known as: thymoglobulin
Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

methotrexate

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

fludarabine

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

cyclophosphamide

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

cyclosporine

Immunosuppressive TherapyMatched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Matched Unrelated Stem Cell Transplant

Eligibility Criteria

Age0 Years - 25 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • To be eligible to participate in the randomized trial, an individual must meet all the following criteria:
  • Provision of signed and dated informed consent form for the randomized trial by patient and/or legal guardian.
  • Age ≤25 years old at time of randomized trial consent.
  • Confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic SAA, defined as:
  • Bone marrow cellularity \<25%, or \<30% hematopoietic cells.
  • Two of three of the following (in peripheral blood): neutrophils \<0.5 x 10\^9/L, platelets \<20 x 10\^9/L, absolute reticulocyte count \<60 x 10\^9/L or hemoglobin \<8 g/dL.
  • No suitable fully matched related donor available (minimum 6/6 match for HLA-A and B at intermediate or high resolution and DRB1 at high resolution using DNA based typing).
  • At least 2 unrelated donors noted on NMDP search who are well matched (9/10 or 10/10 for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 using high resolution).
  • In the treating physician's opinion, no obvious contraindications precluding them from BMT or IST.

You may not qualify if:

  • Presence of Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS). The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia must be excluded by diepoxybutane (DEB) or equivalent testing on peripheral blood or marrow. Telomere length testing should be sent on all patients to exclude Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC), but if results are delayed or unavailable and there are no clinical manifestations of DC, patients may enroll. If patients have clinical characteristics suspicious for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, this disorder should be excluded by pancreatic isoamylase testing or gene mutation analysis (note: pancreatic isoamylase testing is not useful in children \<3). Other testing per center may be performed to exclude IBMFS.
  • Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities or Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) pattern consistent with pre- myelodysplastic syndrome (pre-MDS) or MDS on marrow examination.
  • Known severe allergy to ATG.
  • Prior allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant.
  • Prior solid organ transplant.
  • Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Active Hepatitis B or C. This only needs to be excluded in patients where there is clinical suspicion of hepatitis (e.g., elevated LFTs).
  • Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
  • Prior malignancies except resected basal cell carcinoma or treated cervical carcinoma in situ.
  • Disease modifying treatment prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to use of androgens, eltrombopag, romiplostim, or immune suppression. Note: Supportive care measures such as G-CSF, blood transfusion support and antibiotics are allowable

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (52)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, 35249, United States

Location

Phoenix Children's Hospital

Phoenix, Arizona, 85016, United States

Location

Arkansas

Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, United States

Location

Loma Linda

Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States

Location

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, 90027, United States

Location

UCLA

Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States

Location

Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland

Oakland, California, 94609, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Orange County

Orange, California, 92868, United States

Location

Stanford

Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States

Location

Rady Children's Hospital San Diego

San Diego, California, 92123, United States

Location

University of California San Francisco

San Francisco, California, 94158, United States

Location

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

Location

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States

Location

Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware

Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, United States

Location

Children's National Hospital

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010, United States

Location

University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States

Location

University of Miami

Miami, Florida, 33136, United States

Location

Nicklaus Children's Hospital

Miami, Florida, 33155, United States

Location

Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital

St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Atlanta/Emory

Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States

Location

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States

Location

Indiana University Hospital/Riley Hospital for Children

Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States

Location

Children's Hospital NOLA

New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, United States

Location

Maine Health

Scarborough, Maine, 04074, United States

Location

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States

Location

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States

Location

Helen DeVos Children's Hospital

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, United States

Location

Mayo Clinic Rochestser

Rochester, Minnesota, 55902, United States

Location

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States

Location

Washington University in St. Louis

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States

Location

Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States

Location

Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York

New Hyde Park, New York, 11040, United States

Location

Columbia University Medical Center

New York, New York, 10032, United States

Location

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States

Location

Levine Children's Hospital

Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, United States

Location

Duke University

Durham, North Carolina, 27705, United States

Location

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, 43205, United States

Location

Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States

Location

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, United States

Location

Children's Medical Center Dallas

Dallas, Texas, 75235, United States

Location

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

Methodist Healthcare

San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States

Location

University of Utah/Primary Children's Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter

Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, United States

Location

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States

Location

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, United States

Location

British Columbia Children's

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada

Location

Winnipeg CancerCare Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anemia, Aplastic

Interventions

CyclosporineAntilymphocyte SerumthymoglobulinMethotrexatefludarabineCyclophosphamideWhole-Body IrradiationImmunosuppression Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

AnemiaHematologic DiseasesHemic and Lymphatic DiseasesBone Marrow Failure DisordersBone Marrow Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

CyclosporinsPeptides, CyclicMacrocyclic CompoundsPolycyclic CompoundsPeptidesAmino Acids, Peptides, and ProteinsImmune SeraAntibodiesImmunoglobulinsImmunoproteinsBlood ProteinsProteinsSerum GlobulinsGlobulinsBiological ProductsComplex MixturesAminopterinPterinsPteridinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingHeterocyclic CompoundsPhosphoramide MustardsNitrogen Mustard CompoundsMustard CompoundsHydrocarbons, HalogenatedHydrocarbonsOrganic ChemicalsPhosphoramidesOrganophosphorus CompoundsRadiotherapyTherapeuticsInvestigative TechniquesImmunotherapyImmunomodulationBiological TherapyImmunologic Techniques

Study Officials

  • David Williams, MD

    Boston Children's Hospital

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Michael Pulsipher, MD

    University of Utah

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Bronwen Shaw, MD

    CIBMTR/Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW)

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 3
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Unblinded, stratified, multi-center, phase 3, randomized controlled trial
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Chief - Division of Hematology/Oncology

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 20, 2022

First Posted

October 31, 2022

Study Start

January 25, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2029

Last Updated

February 17, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-10

Locations