NCT04640883

Brief Summary

To investigate the effects of Including 30-s sprints during low-intensity cycling exercises during a training camp on performance and muscle/blood characterisitcs in elite cyclists

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
18

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable healthy

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2017

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable healthy

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 23, 2017

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 23, 2017

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 23, 2017

Completed
2.9 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 12, 2020

Completed
11 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

November 23, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

November 23, 2020

Status Verified

November 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

November 12, 2020

Last Update Submit

November 18, 2020

Conditions

Keywords

SprintLow-intensity cyclingSkeletal muscleEndurance performance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Performance during a 5-minute all-out cycling test

    Mean power output measured during a 5-minute all-out cycling test performed at the end of a \~2 hour long exercise protocol

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, after REC)

Secondary Outcomes (32)

  • Sprint performance

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, after REC)

  • Maximal oxygen uptake

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  • Maximal aerobic power output

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  • Gross efficiency (training camp)

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the training camp (T1)

  • Gross efficiency (recovery/REC)

    Changes from before the intervention (T0) to immediately after the intervention (T2, i.e. after REC)

  • +27 more secondary outcomes

Other Outcomes (1)

  • Training load

    From four weeks prior to the intervention and throughout the study, an average of 52 days

Study Arms (2)

Sprints during low-intensity cycling

EXPERIMENTAL
Behavioral: Inclusion of sprints during low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load)Behavioral: Recovery for 10 days (low training load)

Low-intensity cycling

ACTIVE COMPARATOR
Behavioral: Low-intensity cycling during a 14-day training camp (high training load)Behavioral: Recovery for 10 days (low training load)

Interventions

Inclusion of 12x30-s maximal sprints during five low-intensity cycling sessions with long duration (\>fours hours per session). Five sessions will be performed as low-intensity cycling-only (Controll sessions, distance matched). All other sessions will be performed as low-intensity sessions and adjusted according to each participants training load goal to reach an increase of \~50% in load compared to habitual training.

Sprints during low-intensity cycling

Five low-intensity cycling sessions (\>four hours per session), distance-matched to sprint group.

Low-intensity cycling

Habitual low-intensity cycling (\>0.5-2 hours per session)

Low-intensity cyclingSprints during low-intensity cycling

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 40 Years
Sexmale
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • VO2max \> 65ml/kg/min

You may not qualify if:

  • VO2max \< 65ml/kg/min
  • Average endurance training per week \>10hrs/wk during the four weeks leading up to the study

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Lillehammer, Norway

Location

Related Publications (40)

  • Almquist NW, Ellefsen S, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. Effects of including sprints during prolonged cycling on hormonal and muscular responses and recovery in elite cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Mar;31(3):529-541. doi: 10.1111/sms.13865. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

    PMID: 33113253BACKGROUND
  • De Pauw K, Roelands B, Cheung SS, de Geus B, Rietjens G, Meeusen R. Guidelines to classify subject groups in sport-science research. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Mar;8(2):111-22. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.2.111.

    PMID: 23428482BACKGROUND
  • Sylta O, Tonnessen E, Seiler S. From heart-rate data to training quantification: a comparison of 3 methods of training-intensity analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jan;9(1):100-7. doi: 10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0298.

    PMID: 24408353BACKGROUND
  • Manzi V, Iellamo F, Impellizzeri F, D'Ottavio S, Castagna C. Relation between individualized training impulses and performance in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Nov;41(11):2090-6. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a6a959.

    PMID: 19812506BACKGROUND
  • Almquist NW, Ettema G, Hopker J, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. The Effect of 30-Second Sprints During Prolonged Exercise on Gross Efficiency, Electromyography, and Pedaling Technique in Elite Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Nov 5;15(4):562-570. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0367. Print 2020 Apr 1.

    PMID: 31693997BACKGROUND
  • Siebenmann C, Robach P, Jacobs RA, Rasmussen P, Nordsborg N, Diaz V, Christ A, Olsen NV, Maggiorini M, Lundby C. "Live high-train low" using normobaric hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Jan;112(1):106-17. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00388.2011. Epub 2011 Oct 27.

    PMID: 22033534BACKGROUND
  • Thomsen JK, Fogh-Andersen N, Bulow K, Devantier A. Blood and plasma volumes determined by carbon monoxide gas, 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes, 125I-albumin and the T 1824 technique. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991 Apr;51(2):185-90. doi: 10.1080/00365519109091106.

    PMID: 2042022BACKGROUND
  • Almquist NW, Lovlien I, Byrkjedal PT, Spencer M, Kristoffersen M, Skovereng K, Sandbakk O, Ronnestad BR. Effects of Including Sprints in One Weekly Low-Intensity Training Session During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists. Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 11;11:1000. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01000. eCollection 2020.

    PMID: 33041839BACKGROUND
  • Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jul;30(7):1164-8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023.

    PMID: 9662690BACKGROUND
  • Borg G, Hassmen P, Lagerstrom M. Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1987;56(6):679-85. doi: 10.1007/BF00424810.

    PMID: 3678222BACKGROUND
  • Meinild Lundby AK, Jacobs RA, Gehrig S, de Leur J, Hauser M, Bonne TC, Fluck D, Dandanell S, Kirk N, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Larsen S, Lundby C. Exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density by enlargement of existing mitochondria and not de novo biogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2018 Jan;222(1). doi: 10.1111/apha.12905. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

    PMID: 28580772BACKGROUND
  • Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278.

    PMID: 19092709BACKGROUND
  • Fernandez-Garcia B, Perez-Landaluce J, Rodriguez-Alonso M, Terrados N. Intensity of exercise during road race pro-cycling competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 May;32(5):1002-6. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00019.

    PMID: 10795793BACKGROUND
  • Menaspa P, Quod M, Martin DT, Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR. Physical Demands of Sprinting in Professional Road Cycling. Int J Sports Med. 2015 Nov;36(13):1058-62. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1554697. Epub 2015 Aug 7.

    PMID: 26252551BACKGROUND
  • Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. J Physiol. 2008 Jan 1;586(1):35-44. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834. Epub 2007 Sep 27.

    PMID: 17901124BACKGROUND
  • Jeukendrup AE, Craig NP, Hawley JA. The bioenergetics of World Class Cycling. J Sci Med Sport. 2000 Dec;3(4):414-33. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(00)80008-0.

    PMID: 11235007BACKGROUND
  • Padilla S, Mujika I, Cuesta G, Goiriena JJ. Level ground and uphill cycling ability in professional road cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Jun;31(6):878-85. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199906000-00017.

    PMID: 10378916BACKGROUND
  • Faria EW, Parker DL, Faria IE. The science of cycling: physiology and training - part 1. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):285-312. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535040-00002.

    PMID: 15831059BACKGROUND
  • Zapico AG, Calderon FJ, Benito PJ, Gonzalez CB, Parisi A, Pigozzi F, Di Salvo V. Evolution of physiological and haematological parameters with training load in elite male road cyclists: a longitudinal study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007 Jun;47(2):191-6.

    PMID: 17557057BACKGROUND
  • Lucia A, Chicharro JL, Perez M, Serratosa L, Bandres F, Legido JC. Reproductive function in male endurance athletes: sperm analysis and hormonal profile. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Dec;81(6):2627-36. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2627.

    PMID: 9018515BACKGROUND
  • Lucia A, Hoyos J, Pardo J, Chicharro JL. Metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations to endurance training in professional cyclists: a longitudinal study. Jpn J Physiol. 2000 Jun;50(3):381-8. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.50.381.

    PMID: 11016988BACKGROUND
  • Hawley JA, Stepto NK. Adaptations to training in endurance cyclists: implications for performance. Sports Med. 2001;31(7):511-20. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131070-00006.

    PMID: 11428688BACKGROUND
  • Saw AE, Halson SL, Mujika I. Monitoring Athletes during Training Camps: Observations and Translatable Strategies from Elite Road Cyclists and Swimmers. Sports (Basel). 2018 Jul 20;6(3):63. doi: 10.3390/sports6030063.

    PMID: 30036955BACKGROUND
  • Costill DL, Thomas R, Robergs RA, Pascoe D, Lambert C, Barr S, Fink WJ. Adaptations to swimming training: influence of training volume. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Mar;23(3):371-7.

    PMID: 2020277BACKGROUND
  • Bellinger P. Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern? Sports Med. 2020 Jun;50(6):1059-1073. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01269-w.

    PMID: 32064575BACKGROUND
  • Slivka DR, Hailes WS, Cuddy JS, Ruby BC. Effects of 21 days of intensified training on markers of overtraining. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):2604-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e8a4eb.

    PMID: 20733522BACKGROUND
  • Halson SL, Bridge MW, Meeusen R, Busschaert B, Gleeson M, Jones DA, Jeukendrup AE. Time course of performance changes and fatigue markers during intensified training in trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):947-56. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2001.

    PMID: 12183490BACKGROUND
  • Jeukendrup AE, Hesselink MK, Snyder AC, Kuipers H, Keizer HA. Physiological changes in male competitive cyclists after two weeks of intensified training. Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13(7):534-41. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021312.

    PMID: 1459749BACKGROUND
  • Le Meur Y, Pichon A, Schaal K, Schmitt L, Louis J, Gueneron J, Vidal PP, Hausswirth C. Evidence of parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Nov;45(11):2061-71. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182980125.

    PMID: 24136138BACKGROUND
  • Le Meur Y, Louis J, Aubry A, Gueneron J, Pichon A, Schaal K, Corcuff JB, Hatem SN, Isnard R, Hausswirth C. Maximal exercise limitation in functionally overreached triathletes: role of cardiac adrenergic stimulation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 Aug 1;117(3):214-22. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00191.2014. Epub 2014 Jun 12.

    PMID: 24925979BACKGROUND
  • Valstad SA, von Heimburg E, Welde B, van den Tillaar R. Comparison of Long and Short High-Intensity Interval Exercise Bouts on Running Performance, Physiological and Perceptual Responses. Sports Med Int Open. 2017 Dec 18;2(1):E20-E27. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-124429. eCollection 2018 Jan.

    PMID: 30539113BACKGROUND
  • Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG. Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Nov;34(11):1801-7. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00017.

    PMID: 12439086BACKGROUND
  • MacDougall JD, Hicks AL, MacDonald JR, McKelvie RS, Green HJ, Smith KM. Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Jun;84(6):2138-42. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.6.2138.

    PMID: 9609810BACKGROUND
  • Gunnarsson TP, Brandt N, Fiorenza M, Hostrup M, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Inclusion of sprints in moderate intensity continuous training leads to muscle oxidative adaptations in trained individuals. Physiol Rep. 2019 Feb;7(4):e13976. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13976.

    PMID: 30793541BACKGROUND
  • Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. Limitations in intense exercise performance of athletes - effect of speed endurance training on ion handling and fatigue development. J Physiol. 2017 May 1;595(9):2897-2913. doi: 10.1113/JP273218. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

    PMID: 27673449BACKGROUND
  • Skovgaard C, Almquist NW, Kvorning T, Christensen PM, Bangsbo J. Effect of tapering after a period of high-volume sprint interval training on running performance and muscular adaptations in moderately trained runners. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 Feb 1;124(2):259-267. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2017. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

    PMID: 28935825BACKGROUND
  • Skovgaard C, Brandt N, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise-induced PGC-1alpha and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle. Physiol Rep. 2016 Jul;4(14):e12864. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12864.

    PMID: 27456910BACKGROUND
  • Brandt N, Gunnarsson TP, Hostrup M, Tybirk J, Nybo L, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Impact of adrenaline and metabolic stress on exercise-induced intracellular signaling and PGC-1alpha mRNA response in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2016 Jul;4(14):e12844. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12844.

    PMID: 27436584BACKGROUND
  • Sjogaard G. Muscle morphology and metabolic potential in elite road cyclists during a season. Int J Sports Med. 1984 Oct;5(5):250-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025915.

    PMID: 6500791BACKGROUND
  • Coyle EF, Feltner ME, Kautz SA, Hamilton MT, Montain SJ, Baylor AM, Abraham LD, Petrek GW. Physiological and biomechanical factors associated with elite endurance cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Jan;23(1):93-107.

    PMID: 1997818BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Salvage Therapy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Therapeutics

Study Officials

  • Anne S Lofthus

    Research Administrator

    STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Investigating the effects of including sprints during low-intensity training sessions during a 14-d training camp with increased training load on performance and muscle/blood biology
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 12, 2020

First Posted

November 23, 2020

Study Start

October 23, 2017

Primary Completion

December 23, 2017

Study Completion

December 23, 2017

Last Updated

November 23, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-11

Locations