Minnesota COVID-19 Testing Project

NCT04568889 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IRB20-1444
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 561
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 10

Brief Summary

The goal of this project is to help the state of Minnesota understand why individuals are not getting tested and potentially identify trusted individuals or organizations that could be used in follow-up work to send messages. Investigators focus on the first two issues of unit and item nonresponse, which is not random across the population and thus could lead to nonresponse bias. To do so, investigators are deploying flyers through 10 Twin City area food shelves and potentially through public housing units with information on how to answer an online questionnaire.

Conditions

Covid19; Infectious Disease

Keywords

COVID-19; Minnesota; Unit nonresponse; Item nonresponse

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (10)

• Effect of monetary incentives in increasing unit response 1

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a $20 incentive and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Effect of monetary incentives in increasing unit response 2

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a $10 incentive and completed the survey.

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Effect of a government frame in reducing unit response 1

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a government frame and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Effect of a government frame in reducing unit response 2

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a research frame and completed the survey.

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Interactions between monetary incentives and a government frame 1

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a government frame and $20 incentive and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Interactions between monetary incentives and a government frame 2

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a government frame and $10 incentive and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed when the individual agrees to participate in the Baseline survey, which takes approximately 20 minutes.

• Interactions between monetary incentives and a government frame 3

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a researcher frame and $20 incentive and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed during the 20-minute Baseline Survey.

• Interactions between monetary incentives and a government frame 4

  Number of participants who received a flyer that mentions a researcher frame and $10 incentive and completed the survey

  This outcome will be assessed during the 20-minute Baseline Survey.

• Demographic characteristics of participants assigned into each treatment arm

  Demographic characteristics (e.g. sex, education level, income level, race/ethnicity) of participants who are assigned to each treatment arm and completed the survey.

  This outcome will be assessed during the 20-minute Baseline Survey.

• Effect of various messaging frames in increasing item non-response

  Number of survey participants who are randomly assigned to receive each messaging frame that: a) emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions (cost-benefit frame); b) emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community (duty frame); c) emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups; or d) provides no messaging.

  This outcome will be assessed during the 20-minute Baseline Survey.

Study Arms (16)

Government/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions (i.e. cost-benefit frame).

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Cost-Benefit Frame

Government/High Incentive/Duty Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community (i.e. duty frame).

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Duty Frame

Government/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups.

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Racial/Ethnic Frame

Government/High Incentive/No Message Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to the arm that provides no messaging.

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: No Messaging

Researchers/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions (i.e. cost-benefit frame).

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Cost-Benefit Frame

Researchers/High Incentive/Duty Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community (i.e. duty frame).

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Duty Frame

Researchers/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups.

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Racial/Ethnic Frame

Researchers/High Incentive/No Message Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $20 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to the arm that provides no messaging.

Behavioral: A $20 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: No Messaging

Government/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions (i.e. cost-benefit frame).

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Cost-Benefit Frame

Government/Low Incentive/Duty Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community (i.e. duty frame).

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Duty Frame

Government/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups.

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: Racial/Ethnic Frame

Government/Low Incentive/No Message Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing government involvement and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to the arm that provides no messaging.

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Government Involvement; Behavioral: No Messaging

Researchers/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions (i.e. cost-benefit frame).

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Cost-Benefit Frame

Researchers/Low Incentive/Duty Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community (i.e. duty frame).

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Duty Frame

Researchers/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to be a message that emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups.

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: Racial/Ethnic Frame

Researchers/Low Incentive/No Message Frame

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant is assigned to receive a flyer that includes a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers and a $10 incentive. Then the participant is assigned to the arm that provides no messaging.

Behavioral: A $10 Survey Incentive; Behavioral: Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement; Behavioral: No Messaging

Interventions

A $10 Survey Incentive BEHAVIORAL

Individuals see a 10 dollar incentive on the flyers advertising the baseline survey.

Government/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Duty Frame; Government/Low Incentive/No Message Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

A $20 Survey Incentive BEHAVIORAL

Individuals see a 10 dollar incentive on the flyers advertising the baseline survey.

Government/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Government/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Government/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Government/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

Emphasis of Government Involvement BEHAVIORAL

Individuals see a message emphasizing the involvement of the government in the study,

Government/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Government/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Government/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Government/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Duty Frame; Government/Low Incentive/No Message Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

Emphasis of Academic Researchers Involvement BEHAVIORAL

Individuals see a message emphasizing the involvement of academic researchers in the study,

Researchers/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

Cost-Benefit Frame BEHAVIORAL

Individuals will see messaging that emphasizes the public health benefits of answering the survey questions in the baseline survey (cost-benefit frame).

Government/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Cost-Benefit Frame

Duty Frame BEHAVIORAL

Individuals will see messaging that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to their community in the baseline survey (duty frame),

Government/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Duty Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Duty Frame

Racial/Ethnic Frame BEHAVIORAL

Individuals will see messaging that emphasizes the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on certain ethnic and racial groups in the baseline survey.

Government/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Government/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/Racial/Ethnic Frame

No Messaging BEHAVIORAL

Individuals will see no messaging in the baseline survey.

Government/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Government/Low Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/High Incentive/No Message Frame; Researchers/Low Incentive/No Message Frame

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• All participants who are aged 18 or above and speak English or Spanish

You may not qualify if:

• Children, those who do not identify as above or adults who identify as above but do not agree to participate in survey during the consent stage.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Harvard University: lead
• Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab: collaborator
• Government of Minnesota Office of Management and Budget: collaborator

Study Sites (10)

Volunteers Enlisted to Assist People

Bloomington, Minnesota, 55420, United States

Location

Southern Anoka Community Assistance

Columbia Heights, Minnesota, 55421, United States

Location

People Reaching Out to People Food Shelf

Eden Prairie, Minnesota, 55344, United States

Location

Fridley Covenant Church

Fridley, Minnesota, 55432, United States

Location

Calvary Lutheran Church Food Shelf

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55407, United States

Location

NorthPoint Health and Wellness

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55411, United States

Location

Community Emergency Assistance Programs

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55429, United States

Location

Intercongregation Communities Association

Minnetonka, Minnesota, 55343, United States

Location

Valley Outreach

Stillwater, Minnesota, 55082, United States

Location

White Bear Area Foodshelf

White Bear Lake, Minnesota, 55110, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Griffin, DH. Measuring survey nonresponse by race and ethnicity. In Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the American Statistical Association. 2002; 11-15.

  BACKGROUND

• Maitland A, Lin A, Cantor D, Jones M, Moser RP, Hesse BW, Davis T, Blake KD. A Nonresponse Bias Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). J Health Commun. 2017 Jul;22(7):545-553. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1324539. Epub 2017 May 30.

  PMID: 28557627 BACKGROUND

• Meyer, Bruce D., Wallace KC Mok, and James X. Sullivan. Household surveys in crisis. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2015; 29(4): 199-226.

  RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

COVID-19; Communicable Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Infections; Virus Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Lung Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Disease Attributes; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Marcella Alsan, MD, MPH, PhD

  Harvard Kennedy School

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 24, 2020
• First Posted: September 29, 2020
• Study Start: September 28, 2020
• Primary Completion: August 31, 2022
• Study Completion: August 31, 2022
• Last Updated: October 14, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (10)