NCT03697486

Brief Summary

Gut hormones, such as PYY and ghrelin, are associated with appetite control and obesity. Protein is thought to be the most satieting nutrient and could affect production of several gut hormones. This study's objective is to find the effect of breakfast with different protein composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake four hours after breakfast. The research methodology was used a clinical trial with 22 obese women participants. Subjects were given three types of breakfast: low protein consumption (12.4% protein), medium protein (23.5% protein), and high protein (40,6% protein). PYY and ghrelin level were measured at 0, 15, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after breakfast. Ad libitum meal was given four hours after breakfast and measured after.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
22

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2010

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 1, 2010

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 1, 2011

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 1, 2011

Completed
7.3 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 2, 2018

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 5, 2018

Completed
Last Updated

October 10, 2018

Status Verified

October 1, 2018

Enrollment Period

9 months

First QC Date

October 2, 2018

Last Update Submit

October 8, 2018

Conditions

Keywords

PYYghrelinad libitum intakehigh protein dietmoderately protein dietlow protein dietbreakfastobesity

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (31)

  • Ghrelin levels at 0 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • Ghrelin levels at 15 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • Ghrelin levels at 60 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • Ghrelin levels at 120 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • Ghrelin levels at 180 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

  • PYY levels at 0 minute

    analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • PYY levels at 15 minute

    analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • PYY levels at 60 minute

    analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • PYY levels at 120 minute

    analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • PYY levels at 180 minute

    analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

  • GLP-1 levels at 0 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • GLP-1 levels at 15 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • GLP-1 levels at 60 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • GLP-1 levels at 120 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • GLP-1 levels at 180 minute

    analyzed by ELISA, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

  • Glucose levels at 0 minute

    analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken directly after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • Glucose levels at 15 minute

    analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • Glucose levels at 60 minute

    analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • Glucose levels at 120 minute

    analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • Glucose levels at 180 minute

    analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

  • Ad Libitum intake

    Mean Ad Libitum intake (calories) in subjects four hours after breakfast with different protein composition

    4 hours

  • VAS for hunger at 0 minutes

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • VAS for hunger at 15 minutes

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • VAS for hunger at 60 minutes

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • VAS for hunger at 120 minutes

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • VAS for hunger at 180 minutes

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

  • VAS for satiety at 0 minute

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken directly after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    baseline

  • VAS for satiety at 15 minute

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    15 minutes

  • VAS for satiety at 60 minute

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    60 minutes

  • VAS for satiety at 120 minute

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    120 minutes

  • VAS for satiety at 180 minute

    Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition

    180 minutes

Study Arms (3)

High Protein

EXPERIMENTAL

(40,6% protein)

Behavioral: diet with different composition

Moderate Protein

EXPERIMENTAL

(23.5% protein)

Behavioral: diet with different composition

Low Protein

EXPERIMENTAL

(12.4% protein)

Behavioral: diet with different composition

Interventions

Participants should not eat within the last 10 hours. Participants could drink mineral water up to 2 hours before intervention. Breakfast given is a milk-based formula which has to be finished within 15 minutes, and subjects could only consume 600 mL of mineral water within the next 4 hours after intervention. Participants' blood was taken before intervention, and 15, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after intervention, then examined in laboratory to measure ghrelin and PYY level. Breakfast given is adjusted to participants' energy requirement. Energy requirement is calculated by adding basal metabolic rate (BMR) with additional energy from physical activity. Different composition of protein, carbohydrate and fat were given to each arm depends on their group. After 4 hours, participants were given ad libitum meal. After the participants done eating, the calorie in meal taken by participants was measured.

High ProteinLow ProteinModerate Protein

Eligibility Criteria

Age20 Years - 40 Years
Sexfemale(Gender-based eligibility)
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • BMI 25-30 (obese)
  • with stable body weight within the last 6 months (body weight change less than 4 kg)
  • normal blood glucose level.

You may not qualify if:

  • patients who never had breakfast
  • patients in weight loss program
  • patients consuming lipid-absorption inhibitor or appetite-suppressing drugs
  • patients that have had gastrointestinal tract resection.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Departement of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Jakarta, Jakarta Pusat, 10110, Indonesia

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • Witjaksono F, Lukito W, Wijaya A, Annisa NG, Jutamulia J, Nurwidya F, Simadibrata M. The effect of breakfast with different macronutrient composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake 4 h after breakfast in Indonesian obese women. BMC Res Notes. 2018 Nov 3;11(1):787. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3895-3.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity

Interventions

Diet

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

OverweightOvernutritionNutrition DisordersNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesBody WeightSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaDiet, Food, and NutritionPhysiological Phenomena

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 2, 2018

First Posted

October 5, 2018

Study Start

October 1, 2010

Primary Completion

July 1, 2011

Study Completion

July 1, 2011

Last Updated

October 10, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-10

Locations