Glutamate Supplementation in Young Men

NCT03425578 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: ORE#: 22581
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 11
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Amino acids play an important role in human metabolism. In aging individuals and in some diseases, certain amino acids, such as glutamate, are at lower than normal levels. Glutamate appears to be involved in providing energy and maintaining normal blood sugar (glucose) levels, processes which both depend heavily on skeletal muscle. The maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels, in particular, is tightly related to overall muscle mass and quality. To better understand the link between glutamate and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, the investigators will be using a nutritional approach to raise the body's glutamate levels with monosodium glutamate (MSG) supplementation, and raise blood glucose levels with a sugary drink. By altering the normal levels of glutamate and glucose in the blood and muscle tissue, the investigators can gather more information about the role of glutamate in energy metabolism. This will help the design of future studies investigating the function of glutamate in aging and disease. During this study the investigators will increase the levels of glutamate and glucose in the bloodstream by asking participants to ingest MSG along with a sugary drink. The goal is to subsequently determine: A) the amount of glutamate and glucose that ends up in the muscle; and B) whether normal skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, and the behaviour of additional amino acids (other than glutamate) is altered. The hypothesis is that when MSG and sugar drink are ingested together glucose uptake and metabolism within the skeletal muscle will be elevated.

Conditions

Healthy

Keywords

Monosodium glutamate; Amino acids; Glucose tolerance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Glutamate

  Circulating and intramuscular concentrations by HPLC

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Glucose

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

• Skeletal muscle glucose uptake

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

• Insulin

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

• C-peptide

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

• Aspartate

  ~ 2 hours post-ingestion

Study Arms (3)

MSG + CHO

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will ingest 150 mg/kg body mass monosodium glutamate followed by 75 g dextrose.

Dietary Supplement: MSG; Dietary Supplement: CHO

MSG + placebo B

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will ingest 150 mg/kg body mass monosodium glutamate followed by a non-caloric, flavoured placebo.

Dietary Supplement: MSG; Dietary Supplement: Placebo B

Placebo A + CHO

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will ingest placebo capsules followed by 75 g dextrose.

Dietary Supplement: CHO; Dietary Supplement: Placebo A

Interventions

MSG DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

150 mg/kg body mass monosodium glutamate (MSG).

MSG + CHO; MSG + placebo B

CHO DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

75g CHO (i.e. dextrose)

MSG + CHO; Placebo A + CHO

Placebo A DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

A non-caloric placebo composed of table salt (NaCl) and sucralose (Splenda).

Placebo A + CHO

Placebo B DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

A non-caloric placebo composed of flavoured water.

MSG + placebo B

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• BMI in the normal or overweight range (18.5-30.0 kg/m2)
• Weight stable for the past 6 months
• Participate in aerobic and/or resistance-type exercise 3-5 times per week (no more then 2 hours per session and/or 5 sessions per week)
• Fasting blood glucose \< 6.0 mM
• Resting blood pressure \< 140/90 mmHg
• Answer "no" to all questions on the Get Active Questionnaire (GAQ)

You may not qualify if:

• Smoking
• Known allergy or intolerance to MSG
• Diabetes, cancer, or other metabolic disorders
• Cardiac or gastrointestinal problems
• Infectious disease
• Injuries that prevent safe participation and exercise or instructions from healthcare provider to refrain from exercise
• Barium swallow or nuclear medicine scan in the previous 3 weeks
• If receiving a DXA scan will cause the participant to exceed the maximum trivial dose of radiation per year
• Prescription anti-coagulant or anti-platelet medication (e.g. warfarin, heparin, clopiodogrel)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Waterloo: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of Waterloo

Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada

Location

Related Publications (12)

• Gibala MJ, MacLean DA, Graham TE, Saltin B. Anaplerotic processes in human skeletal muscle during brief dynamic exercise. J Physiol. 1997 Aug 1;502 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):703-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.703bj.x.

  PMID: 9279819 BACKGROUND

• Di Sebastiano KM, Bell KE, Barnes T, Weeraratne A, Premji T, Mourtzakis M. Glutamate supplementation is associated with improved glucose metabolism following carbohydrate ingestion in healthy males. Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec;110(12):2165-72. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513001633. Epub 2013 Jun 11.

  PMID: 23750536 BACKGROUND

• Chevassus H, Renard E, Bertrand G, Mourand I, Puech R, Molinier N, Bockaert J, Petit P, Bringer J. Effects of oral monosodium (L)-glutamate on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jun;53(6):641-3. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01596.x.

  PMID: 12047489 BACKGROUND

• Hosaka H, Kusano M, Zai H, Kawada A, Kuribayashi S, Shimoyama Y, Nagoshi A, Maeda M, Kawamura O, Mori M. Monosodium glutamate stimulates secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and reduces postprandial glucose after a lipid-containing meal. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Nov;36(9):895-903. doi: 10.1111/apt.12050.

  PMID: 22978669 BACKGROUND

• Bertrand G, Gross R, Puech R, Loubatieres-Mariani MM, Bockaert J. Evidence for a glutamate receptor of the AMPA subtype which mediates insulin release from rat perfused pancreas. Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Jun;106(2):354-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14340.x.

  PMID: 1382779 BACKGROUND

• Bertrand G, Puech R, Loubatieres-Mariani MM, Bockaert J. Glutamate stimulates insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in rats. Am J Physiol. 1995 Sep;269(3 Pt 1):E551-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.3.E551.

  PMID: 7573433 BACKGROUND

• Mourtzakis M, Graham TE. Glutamate ingestion and its effects at rest and during exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Oct;93(4):1251-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00111.2002.

  PMID: 12235022 BACKGROUND

• Graham TE, MacLean DA. Ammonia and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle: human, rodent and canine models. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jan;30(1):34-46. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199801000-00006.

  PMID: 9475642 BACKGROUND

• Graham TE, Turcotte LP, Kiens B, Richter EA. Effect of endurance training on ammonia and amino acid metabolism in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 May;29(5):646-53. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199705000-00010.

  PMID: 9140902 BACKGROUND

• Wagenmakers AJ. Muscle amino acid metabolism at rest and during exercise: role in human physiology and metabolism. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1998;26:287-314.

  PMID: 9696993 BACKGROUND

• Graham TE, Sgro V, Friars D, Gibala MJ. Glutamate ingestion: the plasma and muscle free amino acid pools of resting humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;278(1):E83-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.1.E83.

  PMID: 10644540 BACKGROUND

• DeFronzo RA. Glucose intolerance and aging. Diabetes Care. 1981 Jul-Aug;4(4):493-501. doi: 10.2337/diacare.4.4.493.

  PMID: 7049632 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Sodium Glutamate

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Glutamic Acid; Glutamates; Amino Acids, Acidic; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic

Study Officials

• Marina Mourtzakis, PhD

  University of Waterloo

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 17, 2018
• First Posted: February 7, 2018
• Study Start: March 19, 2018
• Primary Completion: October 2, 2018
• Study Completion: October 2, 2018
• Last Updated: June 12, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)