Body Composition and Lipid Metabolism at Rest and During Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

NCT03029364 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 17/SW/0269
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 114
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The ability to upregulate fat oxidation at appropriate times such as during fasting, low to moderate intensity exercise and after a high fat meal, is popularly advocated. This is presumably due to the perception that a high capacity to utilise fat may improve (ultra) endurance performance and help in the regulation of body fat and metabolic diseases. In accordance, impaired fat use at rest has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (Kelley et al., 1999). However, there is inconclusive and / or a lack of systematic evidence, especially in a large diverse range of adults, exploring: 1\) Whether whole body fat use during exercise is altered in individuals with overweight or obesity compared to lean individuals 3\) The intra-individual variability in whole-body fat use at rest and during exercise 4\) Physiological, metabolic, lifestyle and genetic characteristics that are associated with whole-body fat use at rest and during exercise Therefore, the objectives of this study are three-fold:

1. 1.To explore whether whole body fat use is associated with body composition
2. 2.To explore associations between whole-body fat use and physiological, metabolic, lifestyle and genetic variables
3. 3.To assess the intra-individual variability of whole-body fat use.

Conditions

Lipid Metabolism; Substrate Metabolism; Exercise

Keywords

Maximal Fat Oxidation; Exercise; Intra-individual variability; Determinants; Whole-body fat oxidation; Body composition

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Maximal rate of whole-body fat oxidation (mg/kg FFM/min)

  Fat free mass (FFM). Assessed during the incremental stage maximal cardio-respiratory fitness test

  7 - 14 days

Secondary Outcomes (37)

• Maximal rate of whole-body fat oxidation (g/min)

  7-14 days

• FATmax (% of maximum oxygen consumption)

  7 - 14 days

• FATmax (% of Watt max)

  7 - 14 days

• FATmax (% of Heart Rate max)

  7 - 14 days

• Whole-body substrate oxidation rates (Carbohydrates and Lipid) during exercise

  7 - 14 days

Study Arms (1)

Male and Female Adults

Completion of Study Protocol

Behavioral: Study Protocol

Interventions

Study Protocol BEHAVIORAL

Participants will complete three study protocols 7 - 28 days apart which includes: * 3 x main trial days (max. 150 mins) involving body composition analysis, indirect calorimetry, a blood sample, optional muscle and / or adipose tissue biopsies and a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test. * 2 x lifestyle monitoring periods (physical activity and diet) for the prior 7 days before each main trial day. * Maintenance of habitual habits, dietary and physical activity behaviour patterns We are observing biological / health parameters in a group of individuals who will be assessed under resting and exercising conditions. The current study does not involve an intervention.

Male and Female Adults

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adults

You may qualify if:

• be between 18 - 65 years of age
• male or female
• body mass index between 18.9 - 35 kg/m2
• be able and willing to give informed oral and written consent
• complete and meet the defined criteria of pre-study questionnaires and screens

You may not qualify if:

• Currently have or have a previous history of metabolic, cardio-pulmonary or musculoskeletal disease
• BMI below 18.9 or above 35 kg/m2
• Have plans to change lifestyle (diet and/or physical activity) during the study period ( 7 - 21 days)
• Unwillingness or unable to sufficiently meet study demands

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Bath: lead

Study Sites (1)

Department for Health, University of Bath

Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (21)

• Kelley DE, Mandarino LJ. Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination. Diabetes. 2000 May;49(5):677-83. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677.

  PMID: 10905472 BACKGROUND

• Kelley DE, Mandarino LJ. Hyperglycemia normalizes insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose oxidation and storage in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):1999-2007. doi: 10.1172/JCI114935.

  PMID: 2123890 BACKGROUND

• ANDRES R, CADER G, ZIERLER KL. The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state; measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm. J Clin Invest. 1956 Jun;35(6):671-82. doi: 10.1172/JCI103324. No abstract available.

  PMID: 13319506 BACKGROUND

• Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM. Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease. Cell Metab. 2017 May 2;25(5):1027-1036. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.015.

  PMID: 28467922 BACKGROUND

• Rynders CA, Blanc S, DeJong N, Bessesen DH, Bergouignan A. Sedentary behaviour is a key determinant of metabolic inflexibility. J Physiol. 2018 Apr 15;596(8):1319-1330. doi: 10.1113/JP273282. Epub 2017 Jul 4.

  PMID: 28543022 BACKGROUND

• van Loon LJ, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Saris WH, Wagenmakers AJ. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 1;536(Pt 1):295-304. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x.

  PMID: 11579177 BACKGROUND

• Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E, Wolfe RR. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep;265(3 Pt 1):E380-91. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.3.E380.

  PMID: 8214047 BACKGROUND

• Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Brunani A, Malatesta D. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 11;9(2):e88707. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088707. eCollection 2014.

  PMID: 24523934 BACKGROUND

• Perez-Martin A, Dumortier M, Raynaud E, Brun JF, Fedou C, Bringer J, Mercier J. Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab. 2001 Sep;27(4 Pt 1):466-74.

  PMID: 11547220 BACKGROUND

• Kelley DE, Goodpaster B, Wing RR, Simoneau JA. Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss. Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6):E1130-41. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.E1130.

  PMID: 10600804 BACKGROUND

• Shook RP, Hand GA, Paluch AE, Wang X, Moran R, Hebert JR, Jakicic JM, Blair SN. High respiratory quotient is associated with increases in body weight and fat mass in young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;70(10):1197-1202. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.198. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

  PMID: 26603877 BACKGROUND

• Seidell JC, Muller DC, Sorkin JD, Andres R. Fasting respiratory exchange ratio and resting metabolic rate as predictors of weight gain: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Sep;16(9):667-74.

  PMID: 1328091 BACKGROUND

• Hopkins M, Blundell JE, King NA. Individual variability in compensatory eating following acute exercise in overweight and obese women. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Oct;48(20):1472-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091721. Epub 2013 May 10.

  PMID: 23666018 BACKGROUND

• Barwell ND, Malkova D, Leggate M, Gill JM. Individual responsiveness to exercise-induced fat loss is associated with change in resting substrate utilization. Metabolism. 2009 Sep;58(9):1320-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.016. Epub 2009 Jun 18.

  PMID: 19501861 BACKGROUND

• Dandanell S, Husted K, Amdisen S, Vigelso A, Dela F, Larsen S, Helge JW. Influence of maximal fat oxidation on long-term weight loss maintenance in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jul 1;123(1):267-274. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00270.2017. Epub 2017 May 25.

  PMID: 28546468 BACKGROUND

• Blaize AN, Potteiger JA, Claytor RP, Noe DA. Body fat has no effect on the maximal fat oxidation rate in young, normal, and overweight women. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Aug;28(8):2121-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000512.

  PMID: 24796985 BACKGROUND

• Croci I, Hickman IJ, Wood RE, Borrani F, Macdonald GA, Byrne NM. Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014 Dec;39(12):1352-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0144. Epub 2014 Aug 1.

  PMID: 25356842 BACKGROUND

• Ara I, Larsen S, Stallknecht B, Guerra B, Morales-Alamo D, Andersen JL, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Guadalupe-Grau A, Galbo H, Calbet JA, Helge JW. Normal mitochondrial function and increased fat oxidation capacity in leg and arm muscles in obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Jan;35(1):99-108. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.123. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

  PMID: 20548301 BACKGROUND

• Horowitz JF, Klein S. Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Dec;89(6):2276-82. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2276.

  PMID: 11090579 BACKGROUND

• Goodpaster BH, Wolfe RR, Kelley DE. Effects of obesity on substrate utilization during exercise. Obes Res. 2002 Jul;10(7):575-84. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.78.

  PMID: 12105277 BACKGROUND

• Ellis AC, Hyatt TC, Hunter GR, Gower BA. Respiratory quotient predicts fat mass gain in premenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Dec;18(12):2255-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.96. Epub 2010 May 6.

  PMID: 20448540 BACKGROUND

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITH DNA

Plasma, serum and buffy coat layer extraction from blood samples. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (fat) samples. Urine sample for immediate analysis and disposal.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Interventions

Clinical Protocols

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Therapeutics; Epidemiologic Study Characteristics; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms; Quality of Health Care; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation

Study Officials

• Javier T Gonzalez, PhD

  University of Bath

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Human Physiology

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 14, 2017
• First Posted: January 24, 2017
• Study Start: January 8, 2018
• Primary Completion: May 28, 2019
• Study Completion: May 11, 2024
• Last Updated: May 14, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-05

Locations

GB (1)