PROMISE EBF: Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Breastfeeding Promotion in the Era of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

NCT00397150 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: INCO-CT-2004-003660
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 2,579
• Locations: 3 countries
• Sites: 3

Brief Summary

The objective of the project is to develop and test an intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), to assess its impact on infant health in African contexts where a high prevalence of HIV is a barrier, and to strengthen the evidence base regarding the optimal duration for EBF. Promotion of EBF is the most effective child health intervention currently feasible for implementation at the population level in low-income countries. It can lower infant mortality by 13%, and by an additional 2% were it not for the fact that breastfeeding transmits HIV. Only recently proven to be possible in hot and even dry climates, EBF without even offering water is still little appreciated by mothers or supported by health workers. EBF rates are especially low in Africa but the potential for rapid implementation may be high. A few studies elsewhere suggest that peer counselling can often achieve dramatic increases. Thus the investigators will run the first randomised trial to develop and test models for applying this approach in four African countries and to quantify health benefits, cost-effectiveness, and implications for the health care system. While experts realize that the HIV threat ought not to present much of a biological constraint to promoting EBF, in heavily affected countries it does represent a cultural constraint. Overcoming this will require the development of a safe and effective means of promoting EBF that is HIV-sensitive by taking into account the need to minimise postnatal HIV transmission. Another scientific constraint to the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for six months, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), is uncertainty about its impact on the micronutrient status of infants. In a substudy, the investigators will carefully follow markers of infant micronutrient status to see how they vary by feeding pattern, including EBF, for a longer period than has been examined previously.

Conditions

Diarrhea

Keywords

Infant Nutrition [G06.696.259.750]; Infant Care [N02.421.088.120] +; Diarrhea, Infantile [C23.888.821.214.500]; Child Health Services [N02.421.143.130] +; Counseling [N02.421.143.303]; Growth [G07.574.249] +; Micronutrients [D11.430]; Breast Feeding [G06.696.259.750.500]

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates in Burkina Faso

  The EBF prevalences (24-h recall) at 12 weeks in the intervention and control clusters.

  at 3 months of age

• Infant Morbidity, 2 Week Diarrhoea Prevalence

  at 3 months of age

• Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates in Uganda

  The EBF prevalences (24-h recall) at 12 weeks in the intervention and control clusters.

  at 3 months of age

• Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates in South Africa

  The EBF prevalences based on 24-h recall at 12 weeks in the intervention and control clusters.

  at 3 months of age

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Growth

  (up to 6 months of age)

• Per Protocol Analysis of EBF Rates

  at 3 months of age

• Per Protocol Analysis of Infant Morbidity

  at 3 months of age

Study Arms (2)

Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Peer-support for exclusive breastfeeding

Behavioral: Peer-support for exclusive breastfeeding

No intervention

NO INTERVENTION

No intervention

Interventions

Peer-support for exclusive breastfeeding BEHAVIORAL

Counselling to support exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of 6 months of age by the use of peer-counsellors in the local community

Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Lives in a selected cluster
• Is \>= 6 months pregnant
• Has no plans to move outside of the cluster within 1 year

You may not qualify if:

• Reduced ability to collaborate for psychological/mental reasons
• Severely ill
• Has given birth more than 7 days ago
• Has given birth less than 7 days ago and it was a multiple birth; or the child has a severe malformation; or death of the mother or the baby.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Centre For International Health: lead
• European Union: collaborator
• The Norwegian Programme for Development, Research and Higher Education: collaborator
• University of Bergen: collaborator
• Université Montpellier: collaborator
• Uppsala University: collaborator
• Centre Muraz: collaborator
• Makerere University: collaborator
• University of Zambia: collaborator
• University of the Western Cape: collaborator

Study Sites (4)

Centre Muraz

Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Location

School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape (UWC)

Cape Town, South Africa

Location

Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University

Kampala, Uganda

Location

Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, School of Medicine (UNZA/SOM)

Lusaka, Zambia

Location

Related Publications (37)

• Fadnes LT, Nankabirwa V, Sommerfelt H, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK, Engebretsen IM; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Is vaccination coverage a good indicator of age-appropriate vaccination? A prospective study from Uganda. Vaccine. 2011 Apr 27;29(19):3564-70. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.093. Epub 2011 Mar 12.

  PMID: 21402043 BACKGROUND

• Nankabirwa V, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK, Sommerfelt H; Promise-ebf Study Group. Maternal education is associated with vaccination status of infants less than 6 months in Eastern Uganda: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2010 Dec 15;10:92. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-92.

  PMID: 21159193 BACKGROUND

• Nkonki LL, Daniels KL; PROMISE-EBF study group. Selling a service: experiences of peer supporters while promoting exclusive infant feeding in three sites in South Africa. Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Oct 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-5-17.

  PMID: 20977716 BACKGROUND

• Nankunda J, Tumwine JK, Nankabirwa V, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. "She would sit with me": mothers' experiences of individual peer support for exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda. Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Oct 26;5:16. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-5-16.

  PMID: 20977715 BACKGROUND

• Engebretsen IM, Moland KM, Nankunda J, Karamagi CA, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK. Gendered perceptions on infant feeding in Eastern Uganda: continued need for exclusive breastfeeding support. Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Oct 26;5:13. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-5-13.

  PMID: 20977712 BACKGROUND

• Engebretsen IM, Shanmugam R, Sommerfelt AE, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T. Infant feeding modalities addressed in two different ways in Eastern Uganda. Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Feb 4;5(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-5-2.

  PMID: 20205864 BACKGROUND

• Wandera MN, Engebretsen IM, Rwenyonyi CM, Tumwine J, Astrom AN; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Periodontal status, tooth loss and self-reported periodontal problems effects on oral impacts on daily performances, OIDP, in pregnant women in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009 Oct 14;7:89. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-7-89.

  PMID: 19828031 BACKGROUND

• Nor B, Zembe Y, Daniels K, Doherty T, Jackson D, Ahlberg BM, Ekstrom EC; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. "Peer but not peer": considering the context of infant feeding peer counseling in a high HIV prevalence area. J Hum Lact. 2009 Nov;25(4):427-34. doi: 10.1177/0890334409341050. Epub 2009 Jul 21.

  PMID: 19622755 BACKGROUND

• Wandera M, Engebretsen IM, Okullo I, Tumwine JK, Astrom AN; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Socio-demographic factors related to periodontal status and tooth loss of pregnant women in Mbale district, Uganda. BMC Oral Health. 2009 Jul 18;9:18. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-9-18.

  PMID: 19615094 BACKGROUND

• Fjeld E, Siziya S, Katepa-Bwalya M, Kankasa C, Moland KM, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. 'No sister, the breast alone is not enough for my baby' a qualitative assessment of potentials and barriers in the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in southern Zambia. Int Breastfeed J. 2008 Nov 5;3:26. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-3-26.

  PMID: 18986539 BACKGROUND

• Daniels K, Nor B, Jackson D, Ekstrom EC, Doherty T. Supervision of community peer counsellors for infant feeding in South Africa: an exploratory qualitative study. Hum Resour Health. 2010 Mar 30;8:6. doi: 10.1186/1478-4491-8-6.

  PMID: 20353561 BACKGROUND

• Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Moland KM, Nankunda J, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T. Infant feeding counselling in Uganda in a changing environment with focus on the general population and HIV-positive mothers - a mixed method approach. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Sep 6;10:260. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-260.

  PMID: 20815932 BACKGROUND

• Engebretsen IM, Wamani H, Karamagi C, Semiyaga N, Tumwine J, Tylleskar T. Low adherence to exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study comparing dietary recall since birth with 24-hour recall. BMC Pediatr. 2007 Mar 1;7:10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-7-10.

  PMID: 17331251 BACKGROUND

• Engebretsen IM, Tylleskar T, Wamani H, Karamagi C, Tumwine JK. Determinants of infant growth in Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 22;8:418. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-418.

  PMID: 19102755 BACKGROUND

• Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Wamani H, Wangisi J, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T. Need to optimise infant feeding counselling: a cross-sectional survey among HIV-positive mothers in Eastern Uganda. BMC Pediatr. 2009 Jan 9;9:2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-2.

  PMID: 19134187 BACKGROUND

• Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Wamani H, Semiyaga NB, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK. Infant feeding among HIV-positive mothers and the general population mothers: comparison of two cross-sectional surveys in Eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2009 May 7;9:124. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-124.

  PMID: 19422709 BACKGROUND

• Nankunda J, Tylleskar T, Ndeezi G, Semiyaga N, Tumwine JK; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Establishing individual peer counselling for exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda: implications for scaling-up. Matern Child Nutr. 2010 Jan;6(1):53-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2009.00187.x.

  PMID: 20055930 BACKGROUND

• Nankunda J, Tumwine JK, Soltvedt A, Semiyaga N, Ndeezi G, Tylleskar T. Community based peer counsellors for support of exclusive breastfeeding: experiences from rural Uganda. Int Breastfeed J. 2006 Oct 20;1:19. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-1-19.

  PMID: 17054796 BACKGROUND

• Fadnes LT, Jackson D, Engebretsen IM, Zembe W, Sanders D, Sommerfelt H, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Vaccination coverage and timeliness in three South African areas: a prospective study. BMC Public Health. 2011 May 27;11:404. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-404.

  PMID: 21619642 BACKGROUND

• Ramokolo V, Lombard C, Fadnes LT, Doherty T, Jackson DJ, Goga AE, Chhagan M, Van den Broeck J. HIV infection, viral load, low birth weight, and nevirapine are independent influences on growth velocity in HIV-exposed South African infants. J Nutr. 2014 Jan;144(1):42-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.178616. Epub 2013 Nov 6.

  PMID: 24198309 BACKGROUND

• Diallo AH, Meda N, Zabsonre E, Sommerfelt H, Cousens S, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Perinatal mortality in rural Burkina Faso: a prospective community-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010 Aug 17;10:45. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-45.

  PMID: 20716352 RESULT

• Diallo AH, Meda N, Ouedraogo WT, Cousens S, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. A prospective study on neonatal mortality and its predictors in a rural area in Burkina Faso: can MDG-4 be met by 2015? J Perinatol. 2011 Oct;31(10):656-63. doi: 10.1038/jp.2011.6. Epub 2011 Mar 3.

  PMID: 21372798 RESULT

• Tylleskar T, Jackson D, Meda N, Engebretsen IM, Chopra M, Diallo AH, Doherty T, Ekstrom EC, Fadnes LT, Goga A, Kankasa C, Klungsoyr JI, Lombard C, Nankabirwa V, Nankunda JK, Van de Perre P, Sanders D, Shanmugam R, Sommerfelt H, Wamani H, Tumwine JK; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa (PROMISE-EBF): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2011 Jul 30;378(9789):420-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60738-1.

  PMID: 21752462 RESULT

• Nankabirwa V, Tylleskar T, Nankunda J, Engebretsen IM, Sommerfelt H, Tumwine JK; PROMISE EBF Research Consortium. Malaria parasitaemia among infants and its association with breastfeeding peer counselling and vitamin A supplementation: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21862. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021862. Epub 2011 Jul 7.

  PMID: 21760916 RESULT

• Nankabirwa V, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T, Nankunda J, Sommerfelt H; PROMISE EBF Research Consortium. Perinatal mortality in eastern Uganda: a community based prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2011 May 9;6(5):e19674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019674.

  PMID: 21573019 RESULT

• Chola L, Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T, Robberstad B; PROMISE EBF Study Group. Infant feeding survival and Markov transition probabilities among children under age 6 months in Uganda. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Mar 1;177(5):453-62. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws254. Epub 2013 Feb 5.

  PMID: 23384876 RESULT

• Nkonki LL, Daviaud E, Jackson D, Chola L, Doherty T, Chopra M, Robberstad B; Promise-EBF Study Group. Costs of promoting exclusive breastfeeding at community level in three sites in South Africa. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 10;9(1):e79784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079784. eCollection 2014.

  PMID: 24427264 RESULT

• Engebretsen IM, Jackson D, Fadnes LT, Nankabirwa V, Diallo AH, Doherty T, Lombard C, Swanvelder S, Nankunda J, Ramokolo V, Sanders D, Wamani H, Meda N, Tumwine JK, Ekstrom EC, Van de Perre P, Kankasa C, Sommerfelt H, Tylleskar T; PROMISE EBF-study group. Growth effects of exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa: the cluster-randomised PROMISE EBF trial. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 21;14:633. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-633.

  PMID: 24950759 RESULT

• Doherty T, Jackson D, Swanevelder S, Lombard C, Engebretsen IM, Tylleskar T, Goga A, Ekstrom EC, Sanders D; PROMISE EBF study group. Severe events in the first 6 months of life in a cohort of HIV-unexposed infants from South Africa: effects of low birthweight and breastfeeding status. Trop Med Int Health. 2014 Oct;19(10):1162-9. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12355. Epub 2014 Jul 23.

  PMID: 25053420 RESULT

• Birungi N, Fadnes LT, Kasangaki A, Nankabirwa V, Okullo I, Lie SA, Tumwine JK, Astrom AN; PROMISE-EBF study group. Assessing causal effects of early life-course factors on early childhood caries in 5-year-old Ugandan children using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs): A prospective cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017 Dec;45(6):512-521. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12314. Epub 2017 Jun 20.

  PMID: 28631283 DERIVED

• Eide KT, Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Onarheim KH, Wamani H, Tumwine JK, Norheim OF; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Impact of a peer-counseling intervention on breastfeeding practices in different socioeconomic strata: results from the equity analysis of the PROMISE-EBF trial in Uganda. Glob Health Action. 2016 Jul 28;9:30578. doi: 10.3402/gha.v9.30578. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 27473676 DERIVED

• Fadnes LT, Nankabirwa V, Engebretsen IM, Sommerfelt H, Birungi N, Lombard C, Swanevelder S, Van den Broeck J, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. Effects of an exclusive breastfeeding intervention for six months on growth patterns of 4-5 year old children in Uganda: the cluster-randomised PROMISE EBF trial. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 12;16:555. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3234-3.

  PMID: 27405396 DERIVED

• Birungi N, Fadnes LT, Okullo I, Kasangaki A, Nankabirwa V, Ndeezi G, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T, Lie SA, Astrom AN. Effect of Breastfeeding Promotion on Early Childhood Caries and Breastfeeding Duration among 5 Year Old Children in Eastern Uganda: A Cluster Randomized Trial. PLoS One. 2015 May 4;10(5):e0125352. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125352. eCollection 2015.

  PMID: 25938681 DERIVED

• Engebretsen IM, Nankabirwa V, Doherty T, Diallo AH, Nankunda J, Fadnes LT, Ekstrom EC, Ramokolo V, Meda N, Sommerfelt H, Jackson D, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK; PROMISE-EBF study group. Early infant feeding practices in three African countries: the PROMISE-EBF trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding by peer counsellors. Int Breastfeed J. 2014 Nov 18;9:19. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-9-19. eCollection 2014.

  PMID: 25784955 DERIVED

• Zembe-Mkabile W, Doherty T, Sanders D, Jackson D, Chopra M, Swanevelder S, Lombard C, Surender R. Why do families still not receive the child support grant in South Africa? A longitudinal analysis of a cohort of families across South Africa. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2012 Oct 22;12:24. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-12-24.

  PMID: 23088827 DERIVED

• Hama Diallo A, Meda N, Sommerfelt H, Traore GS, Cousens S, Tylleskar T; PROMISE-EBF Study Group. The high burden of infant deaths in rural Burkina Faso: a prospective community-based cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2012 Sep 5;12:739. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-739.

  PMID: 22947029 DERIVED

• Doherty T, Sanders D, Jackson D, Swanevelder S, Lombard C, Zembe W, Chopra M, Goga A, Colvin M, Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IM, Ekstrom EC, Tylleskar T; PROMISE EBF study group. Early cessation of breastfeeding amongst women in South Africa: an area needing urgent attention to improve child health. BMC Pediatr. 2012 Jul 24;12:105. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-105.

  PMID: 22827969 DERIVED

Related Links

• Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diarrhea

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Limitations and Caveats

Trial not entirely blinded.

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Prof Thorkild Tylleskar
• Organization: Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway

Thorkild.Tylleskar@cih.uib.no

+47 55588562

Study Officials

• Thorkild Tylleskar, MD, PHD

  Centre For International Health

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 7, 2006
• First Posted: November 8, 2006
• Study Start: November 1, 2006
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2008
• Study Completion: April 1, 2011
• Last Updated: February 24, 2015
• Results First Posted: February 24, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-02

Locations

BU (1); ZA (1); UG (1)