NCT07825662

Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether oral immunotherapy (OIT) is safe and effective for treating food allergy in children aged 0-2 years with peanut, tree nut, or sesame allergy. The study also aims to identify biological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with natural tolerance development and successful OIT using a systems biology approach. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Be randomized to either oral immunotherapy or allergen avoidance for 18-24 months.
  • Undergo oral food challenges at study visits to assess allergic reactivity and treatment outcomes.
  • Provide blood, urine, hair, skin swabs, skin tape strips, throat swabs, nasal lining fluid, and stool samples at baseline and at the end of the study for immune, microbiome, metabolomic, gene expression, and epigenetic analyses.
  • Complete allergy assessments, including skin prick testing and clinical evaluations.
  • Have allergic symptoms, adverse reactions, and development of other allergic diseases monitored throughout the study.
  • Have parents complete questionnaires assessing food allergy-related quality of life, anxiety, and coping.

Trial Health

63
Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
120

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
57mo left

Started Sep 2026

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
not yet recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress2%
Sep 2026Jun 2031

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 1, 2026

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 3, 2026

Completed
14 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 17, 2026

Completed
4.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 1, 2031

Expected
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2031

Last Updated

September 17, 2026

Status Verified

September 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4.5 years

First QC Date

September 3, 2026

Last Update Submit

September 11, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Food allergyOral immunotherapyChildrenPeanut HypersensitivitySesame HypersensitivityTreenut HypersensitivityImmunotherapyPeanut allergySesame allergyTree nut allergy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Oral Food Challenge Response at End of Treatment

    Effect of oral immunotherapy will be assessed by oral food challenge (OFC) at the end of treatment and compared with the control arm. Participants will be classified into predefined response categories: successful responders, defined as participants tolerating a 4000 mg food protein OFC; partial responders, defined as participants with an increased reaction threshold to at least 1000 mg food protein but not tolerating the final 4000 mg OFC and/or experiencing difficulties during up-dosing; and non-responders, defined as participants discontinuing OIT due to allergic reactions or having a reaction threshold below 1000 mg food protein.

    End of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization

  • Difficulty With Up-dosing During Oral Immunotherapy

    Difficulty with up-dosing will be assessed in participants randomized to the OIT group. Difficulty is defined as allergic reactions, dose reductions, delayed dose escalation, temporary treatment interruption, or inability to complete the planned up-dosing phase according to protocol.

    During the up-dosing phase, approximately 0-6 months after treatment initiation.

  • Sustained Unresponsiveness

    Sustained unresponsiveness will be assessed by oral food challenge (OFC) after 6 months of either avoidance or regular intake of the allergenic food, according to randomization after completion of OIT. Success of the OFC will indicate potential long-term tolerance rather than transient desensitization.

    24-30 months after initial randomization, corresponding to approximately 6 months after completion of OIT.

Secondary Outcomes (12)

  • Change in Gut Microbiome Diversity Assessed by Shannon Index

    Baseline to end of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization.

  • Change in Fecal Metabolite Levels

    Baseline to end of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization.

  • Change in Blood Immunoglobulin Markers

    Baseline to end of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization.

  • Change in Mast Cell Activation

    Baseline to end of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization.

  • Change in Plasma Metabolite Levels

    Baseline to end of treatment, approximately 18-24 months after randomization.

  • +7 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Intervention arm

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive oral immunotherapy (OIT) for their diagnosed food allergy to peanut, tree nuts, or sesame.

Dietary Supplement: Oral immunotheraphy (OIT)

Control arm

NO INTERVENTION

Participants randomized to the control arm will follow standard of care consisting of avoidance of the relevant food allergen.

Interventions

Oral immunotheraphy (OIT)DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Daily OIT will be administered with the relevant food allergen. Treatment includes gradual dose escalation over approximately 6 months, followed by a 12-month maintenance phase with daily intake of 300 mg food protein. Assessment of sustained unresponsiveness: Following completion of OIT and a successful end-of-treatment oral food challenge, participants in the OIT arm will undergo a second 1:1 randomization to either continued regular allergen consumption or allergen avoidance. After an additional 6 months, participants will undergo another oral food challenge to assess sustained unresponsiveness.

Intervention arm

Eligibility Criteria

AgeUp to 24 Months
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Children age 0-2 years
  • Both parents provide informed consent

You may not qualify if:

  • Already undergoing any form of immunotherapy
  • Already undergoing any form of biological treatment
  • Medical conditions precluding OITs: Uncontrolled asthma, atopic dermatitis requiring systemic therapy, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and other GI-diseases, other severe immunological diseases (e.g. inborn errors of immunity )

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital

Herlev, Capital Region, 2730, Denmark

Location

Related Publications (35)

  • Huang J, Puglisi LH, Cook KA, Kelso JM, Wangberg H. Safety and Feasibility of Peanut, Tree Nut, and Sesame Oral Immunotherapy in Infants and Toddlers in a Real-World Setting. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025 Jan;13(1):185-191.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.09.025. Epub 2024 Sep 30.

    PMID: 39357559BACKGROUND
  • Tang MLK, Lozinsky AC, Loke P. Peanut Oral Immunotherapy: State of the Art. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2020 Feb;40(1):97-110. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.09.005. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

    PMID: 31761124BACKGROUND
  • Blackman AC, Staggers KA, Kronisch L, Davis CM, Anagnostou A. Quality of life improves significantly after real-world oral immunotherapy for children with peanut allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 Aug;125(2):196-201.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.028. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

    PMID: 32278075BACKGROUND
  • Epstein-Rigbi N, Goldberg MR, Levy MB, Nachshon L, Elizur A. Quality of Life of Food-Allergic Patients Before, During, and After Oral Immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Feb;7(2):429-436.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.016. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

    PMID: 30129441BACKGROUND
  • Chinthrajah RS, Purington N, Andorf S, Long A, O'Laughlin KL, Lyu SC, Manohar M, Boyd SD, Tibshirani R, Maecker H, Plaut M, Mukai K, Tsai M, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC. Sustained outcomes in oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (POISED study): a large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Lancet. 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1437-1449. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31793-3. Epub 2019 Sep 12.

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  • Wood RA, Kim JS, Lindblad R, Nadeau K, Henning AK, Dawson P, Plaut M, Sampson HA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Apr;137(4):1103-1110.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Nov 12.

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  • Shah A, Cox AL, Groetch M, Kattan JD, Schaible A, Sicherer SH, Tsuang A, Wang J, Oriel RC. Sesame oral immunotherapy outcomes in a pediatric cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025 Apr;13(4):938-940.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.01.036. Epub 2025 Feb 8. No abstract available.

    PMID: 39929303BACKGROUND
  • Nachshon L, Goldberg MR, Levy MB, Appel MY, Epstein-Rigbi N, Lidholm J, Holmqvist M, Katz Y, Elizur A. Efficacy and Safety of Sesame Oral Immunotherapy-A Real-World, Single-Center Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Nov-Dec;7(8):2775-2781.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.031. Epub 2019 May 29.

    PMID: 31150789BACKGROUND
  • Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, Long AJ, Tupa D, Brittain E, Rudman Spergel A, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Chinthrajah RS. Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Feb;3(2):85-94. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30392-8. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

    PMID: 29242014BACKGROUND
  • Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, Levy MB, Epstein-Rigbi N, Pontoppidan B, Lidholm J, Goldberg MR. Walnut oral immunotherapy for desensitisation of walnut and additional tree nut allergies (Nut CRACKER): a single-centre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 May;3(5):312-321. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30029-X. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

    PMID: 30926371BACKGROUND
  • Moraly T, Pelletier de Chambure D, Verdun S, Preda C, Seynave M, Vilain AC, Chenivesse C, Delebarre-Sauvage C. Oral Immunotherapy for Hazelnut Allergy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study on 100 Patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Feb;8(2):704-709.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.10.045. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

    PMID: 31751759BACKGROUND
  • Soller L, Carr S, Kapur S, Rex GA, McHenry M, Cook VE, Leo S, Wong T, Vander Leek TK, Gerstner TV, Yeung J, Abrams EM, Mak R, Hildebrand KJ, Erdle SC, Cameron SB, Chan ES. Real-world peanut OIT in infants may be safer than non-infant preschool OIT and equally effective. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Apr;10(4):1113-1116.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.12.009. Epub 2021 Dec 23. No abstract available.

    PMID: 34954121BACKGROUND
  • Burks AW, Jones SM, Wood RA, Fleischer DM, Sicherer SH, Lindblad RW, Stablein D, Henning AK, Vickery BP, Liu AH, Scurlock AM, Shreffler WG, Plaut M, Sampson HA; Consortium of Food Allergy Research (CoFAR). Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy in children. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):233-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200435.

    PMID: 22808958BACKGROUND
  • Jones SM, Kim EH, Nadeau KC, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Wood RA, Sampson HA, Scurlock AM, Chinthrajah S, Wang J, Pesek RD, Sindher SB, Kulis M, Johnson J, Spain K, Babineau DC, Chin H, Laurienzo-Panza J, Yan R, Larson D, Qin T, Whitehouse D, Sever ML, Sanda S, Plaut M, Wheatley LM, Burks AW; Immune Tolerance Network. Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy in children aged 1-3 years with peanut allergy (the Immune Tolerance Network IMPACT trial): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):359-371. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02390-4.

    PMID: 35065784BACKGROUND
  • PALISADE Group of Clinical Investigators; Vickery BP, Vereda A, Casale TB, Beyer K, du Toit G, Hourihane JO, Jones SM, Shreffler WG, Marcantonio A, Zawadzki R, Sher L, Carr WW, Fineman S, Greos L, Rachid R, Ibanez MD, Tilles S, Assa'ad AH, Nilsson C, Rupp N, Welch MJ, Sussman G, Chinthrajah S, Blumchen K, Sher E, Spergel JM, Leickly FE, Zielen S, Wang J, Sanders GM, Wood RA, Cheema A, Bindslev-Jensen C, Leonard S, Kachru R, Johnston DT, Hampel FC Jr, Kim EH, Anagnostou A, Pongracic JA, Ben-Shoshan M, Sharma HP, Stillerman A, Windom HH, Yang WH, Muraro A, Zubeldia JM, Sharma V, Dorsey MJ, Chong HJ, Ohayon J, Bird JA, Carr TF, Siri D, Fernandez-Rivas M, Jeong DK, Fleischer DM, Lieberman JA, Dubois AEJ, Tsoumani M, Ciaccio CE, Portnoy JM, Mansfield LE, Fritz SB, Lanser BJ, Matz J, Oude Elberink HNG, Varshney P, Dilly SG, Adelman DC, Burks AW. AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 22;379(21):1991-2001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812856. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

    PMID: 30449234BACKGROUND
  • Lee ECK, Trogen B, Brady K, Ford LS, Wang J. The Natural History and Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergies in Children and Adults. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024 Mar;24(3):121-131. doi: 10.1007/s11882-024-01131-3. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

    PMID: 38416390BACKGROUND
  • Borne GE, Daniel CP, Wagner MJ, Plaisance CJ, Nolen A, Kelkar RA, Ahmadzadeh S, Myrcik D, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD, Varrassi G. Palforzia for Peanut Allergy: A Narrative Review and Update on a Novel Immunotherapy. Cureus. 2023 Dec 13;15(12):e50485. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50485. eCollection 2023 Dec.

    PMID: 38222206BACKGROUND
  • Andorf S, Purington N, Kumar D, Long A, O'Laughlin KL, Sicherer S, Sampson H, Cianferoni A, Whitehorn TB, Petroni D, Makhija M, Robison RG, Lierl M, Logsdon S, Desai M, Galli SJ, Rael E, Assa'ad A, Chinthrajah S, Pongracic J, Spergel JM, Tam J, Tilles S, Wang J, Nadeau K. A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Multisite Study Using Omalizumab-facilitated Rapid Desensitization to Test Continued vs Discontinued Dosing in Multifood Allergic Individuals. EClinicalMedicine. 2019 Jan 21;7:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.006. eCollection 2019 Jan.

    PMID: 31193674BACKGROUND
  • Zuberbier T, Wood RA, Bindslev-Jensen C, Fiocchi A, Chinthrajah RS, Worm M, Deschildre A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Santos AF, Jaumont X, Tassinari P. Omalizumab in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Apr;11(4):1134-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.036. Epub 2022 Dec 15.

    PMID: 36529441BACKGROUND
  • Chinthrajah RS, Sindher SB, Nadeau KC, Leflein JG, Spergel JM, Petroni DH, Jones SM, Casale TB, Wang J, Carr WW, Shreffler WG, Wood RA, Wambre E, Liu J, Akinlade B, Atanasio A, Orengo JM, Hamilton JD, Kamal MA, Hooper AT, Patel K, Laws E, Mannent LP, Adelman DC, Ratnayake A, Radin AR. Dupilumab as an Adjunct to Oral Immunotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Peanut Allergy. Allergy. 2025 Mar;80(3):827-842. doi: 10.1111/all.16420. Epub 2024 Dec 14.

    PMID: 39673367BACKGROUND
  • Sindher SB, Fiocchi A, Zuberbier T, Arasi S, Wood RA, Chinthrajah RS. The Role of Biologics in the Treatment of Food Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024 Mar;12(3):562-568. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.11.032. Epub 2023 Nov 25.

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    PMID: 31002957BACKGROUND
  • Erdle SC, Cook VE, Cameron SB, Yeung J, Kapur S, McHenry M, Chan ES, Mak R, Rex GA, Wong T, Soller L. Real-World Safety Analysis of Preschool Tree Nut Oral Immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Apr;11(4):1177-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.031. Epub 2023 Feb 1.

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Food HypersensitivityPeanut HypersensitivityNut Hypersensitivity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hypersensitivity, ImmediateHypersensitivityImmune System DiseasesNut and Peanut Hypersensitivity

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Participants are randomized 1:1 to oral immunotherapy (OIT) or allergen avoidance. Following completion of OIT and successful end-of-treatment oral food challenge, participants in the OIT arm undergo a second randomization to either continued regular allergen consumption or allergen avoidance for assessment of sustained unresponsiveness.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 3, 2026

First Posted

September 17, 2026

Study Start

September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2031

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2031

Last Updated

September 17, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-09

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in publications (after de-identification), together with the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and data dictionary, will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author, subject to approval of a data access agreement and applicable ethical and legal requirements.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
Beginning 12 months following publication of the primary results and ending 5 years after publication.
Access Criteria
Data will be available to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for achieving the aims of the approved proposal. Proposals will be reviewed by the study investigators and access will require a signed data access agreement.

Locations