Additional Effect of Coherent Breathing With Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Quality of Life in Stage 1 Hypertensive Individuals

NCT07573683 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: FUCP/CTR/2026/06
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study will use a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the added effects of coherent breathing combined with aerobic exercise versus aerobic exercise alone in 40 adults aged 30-65 with stage 1 hypertension. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (aerobic exercise plus coherent breathing) or a control group (aerobic exercise only) and will undergo a 4-week program with 5 sessions per week. Cardiopulmonary parameters-including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rate pressure product-will be measured, and quality of life will be assessed using the MINICHAL questionnaire at baseline, 2 weeks, and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. The study aims to determine whether coherent breathing provides additional benefits, offering a cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management in low-resource settings.

Conditions

Stage 1 Hypertensives

Keywords

Stage 1 Hypertensives; Breathing; Aerobic Exercises; Cardiopulmonary parameters; Coherent breathing technique; Quality of life

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Heart Rate (beats per minute)

  Measured using calibrated digital monitor after 5 minutes rest at baseline and post-intervention.

  04 weeks

• Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

  Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.

  04 weeks

• Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

  Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.

  04 weeks

• Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂, %)

  Measured using pulse oximeter under resting conditions at baseline and post-intervention.

  04 weeks

• Respiratory Rate (breaths/minute)

  Measured by direct observation at baseline and post-intervention.

  04 weeks

• Rate Pressure Product (HR × SBP)

  Calculated from heart rate and systolic blood pressure at baseline and post-intervention as an index of myocardial workload.

  04 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Aerobic Exercises

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This Group performs aerobic exercises as follows: Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk. Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises \& simple breathing Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk. Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing exercies for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises \& simple breathing. A total of 20 sessions Five days per week for 4 weeks.

Other: Aerobic Exercises

Aerobic Exercises with coherent breathing

EXPERIMENTAL

This group performs aerobic exercises combined with coherent breathing technique. Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk. Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises. Coherent Breathing technique for 10 minutes. TOTAL DURATION: 40 minutes Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk. Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises

Other: Coherent Breathing.

Interventions

Coherent Breathing. OTHER

Coherent breathing technique involve consciously reducing the breathing rate, typically to fewer than 10 breaths per minute, often around 6 breaths per minute. Coherent breathing is performed for 10 minutes. Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a period of 30 min.

Aerobic Exercises with coherent breathing

Aerobic Exercises OTHER

Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a periof of 30 min.

Aerobic Exercises

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 30 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Both male and female genders.
• Adults aged 30-65 years.
• Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89mm Hg according to ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines.
• Mild to moderate physical activity level on IPAQ questionnaire.
• Individuals able to understand and follow the instructions.

You may not qualify if:

• Diagnosed uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
• Unstable angina, MI, heart failure, advanced CAD patients, COPD, Asthma.
• Severe neurological, musculoskeletal or gynecological conditions which limit participation in the study.
• Recent history of fracture.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Foundation University Islamabad: lead

Study Sites (1)

Foundation University Islamabad

Islamabad, Pakistan

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Respiratory Aspiration

Interventions

Exercise

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Central Study Contacts

Kainat Zahra, MSPT-CPPT

CONTACT

03367343005; zahrakainat99@gmail.com

Syeda Sumaira Batool, MSPT-CPT

CONTACT

03328868680; sumaira.batool@fui.edu.pk

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: This is a randomized controlled studies involving two groups. Control group will perform only aerobic exercises. Interventional group will perform both coherent breathing and aerobic exercises.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 21, 2026
• First Posted: May 7, 2026
• Study Start: February 28, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 15, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): May 15, 2026
• Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Locations

PA (1)