Evaluation of Injury Risk Factors and Effects of Individualized Exercise Program in Basketball and Volleyball Athletes

NCT07521215 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: ACU-FTR-AOA42026-04/168
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 100
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to identify injury risk factors using a clinical/functional test battery in university basketball and volleyball athletes, to develop individualized exercise prescriptions for athletes scoring below established cut-off values on each test, and to evaluate the effects of an 8-week intervention program on test parameters. As a secondary aim, all participants will be monitored prospectively over a 6-month season to assess the incidence of injuries and health problems, and to evaluate the contribution of the individualized program to injury-related health outcomes. The study consists of four phases: (1) baseline cross-sectional assessment (T0), (2) 8-week individualized exercise intervention for athletes below cut-off thresholds, (3) post-intervention reassessment (T1), and (4) 6-month prospective injury surveillance (T2).

Conditions

Athletic Injuries; Sports Injury Prevention; Musculoskeletal Injury

Keywords

injury prevention; individualized exercise; Y-Balance Test; Hop Test; Limb Symmetry Index; GIRD; CKCUEST; university athletes; basketball; volleyball; functional screening; neuromuscular training

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Change in Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) Composite Score

  Composite score calculated as \[(Anterior + Posteromedial + Posterolateral) / (3 x Leg Length)\] x 100. Assessed bilaterally. Cut-off: composite score less than 94% or right-left asymmetry greater than 4 cm.

  Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)

• Change in Hop-for-Distance Test Limb Symmetry Index (LSI)

  LSI calculated as (Weaker Side / Stronger Side) x 100. Three trials per limb, best distance recorded. Cut-off: LSI less than 90%.

  Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)

• Change in Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) Hip Flexion Angle

  Hip flexion range of motion measured by goniometry in supine position with knee extended. Two measurements per limb, average recorded. Cut-off: hip flexion less than 70 degrees.

  Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)

• Change in Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) Score

  Number of hand touches in 15 seconds from push-up position with hands 91 cm apart. Three trials, best score recorded. Cut-off: males less than 21 touches, females less than 23 touches.

  Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)

• Change in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)

  Internal and external rotation measured by goniometry in supine (shoulder 90 degrees abduction, elbow 90 degrees flexion), scapula stabilized. GIRD = non-dominant IR minus dominant IR. Cut-off: IR deficit greater than 20 degrees or total rotation difference greater than 5 degrees.

  Baseline (T0) and 8 weeks (T1)

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Incidence of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Health Problems

  6 months (T0 through T2)

• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Global Score

  Baseline (T0)

• Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

  Baseline (T0)

Study Arms (2)

Individualized Exercise Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Athletes scoring below established literature cut-off values on one or more clinical/functional tests at baseline (T0). Each athlete receives a test-specific individualized exercise prescription targeting their identified deficits. The program is administered 3 days/week for 8 weeks (20-30 min/session), with supervised sessions in weeks 1-2 and partially independent sessions in weeks 3-8.

Behavioral: Test-Specific Individualized Exercise Program

Observation (No Intervention)

NO INTERVENTION

Athletes meeting all literature-defined cut-off thresholds on every clinical/functional test at baseline (T0). These athletes continue their routine training without additional exercise intervention. They undergo the same T0 and T1 assessments and 6-month injury surveillance as the intervention group.

Interventions

Test-Specific Individualized Exercise Program BEHAVIORAL

An 8-week individualized exercise program prescribed based on each athlete's baseline test deficits. Components include: 1. Dynamic balance/proprioception exercises (for YBT-LQ deficit): single-leg balance progressions, 3-direction reach drills, BOSU balance exercises. 2. Plyometric control and symmetry exercises (for Hop Test LSI deficit): single-leg hop-and-stick, lateral hops, eccentric step-up/step-down. 3. Hamstring/posterior chain flexibility exercises (for ASLR deficit): static hamstring stretching with strap, PNF contract-relax, seated hamstring stretch. 4. Scapular stability and upper extremity endurance exercises (for CKCUEST deficit): plank shoulder taps, bear crawl, side plank progressions. 5. Posterior shoulder capsule and rotator cuff exercises (for GIRD deficit): cross-body stretch, sleeper stretch, external rotation with resistance band. Dosage: 3 sessions/week, 20-30 minutes/session. Progressive overload applied. Weekly compliance monitored.

Individualized Exercise Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Active member of Acibadem University basketball or volleyball team
• Regular training within the past 6 months
• Age 18 years or older
• Willing to participate and provide written informed consent
• Physical and cognitive capacity to complete test protocols

You may not qualify if:

• Surgical intervention within the past 6 months
• Acute musculoskeletal injury within the past 2 weeks (acute sprain/strain/contusion etc.) that would preclude testing
• History of vestibular disorder, neurological disease, or systemic condition that may affect balance testing
• Uncontrolled cardiovascular disease/hypertension or other medical condition contraindicating exercise
• Pregnancy or within the first 6 months postpartum (female athletes)
• Refusal to provide informed consent

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Acibadem University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Athletic Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Wounds and Injuries

Study Officials

• Ali Omer Acar

  Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Ali Omer Acar

CONTACT

+905378262790; aliomer.acar@acibadem.edu.tr

Selcuk Marangoz

CONTACT

+905355775928; selcuk.marangoz@acibadem.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: Open label. No masking is employed. Group allocation is based on objective test results against pre-defined cut-off values, making blinding not feasible.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Model Details: Non-randomized parallel assignment. Athletes scoring below literature-defined cut-off values on any clinical/functional test are assigned to the Intervention Group and receive test-specific individualized exercise prescriptions. Athletes meeting all cut-off thresholds are assigned to the Observation Group and receive no intervention. Group assignment is determined by baseline test performance, not by randomization.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 3, 2026
• First Posted: April 9, 2026
• Study Start: April 1, 2026
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): November 1, 2026
• Last Updated: April 9, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Locations

TU (1)