NCT06153121

Brief Summary

This project comprises two studies; a cross-sectional study and a prospective study.

  1. 1.The cross-sectional study aims to develop and validate a new sport-specific test battery (PROMs, analytical and physical performance tests) in healthy tennis players and swimmers.The construct validity of this upper extremity test battery will be examined through two different methods.
  2. 2.Firstly, the performance on the test battery will be correlated to sport performance (sprint time at 100m freestyle in swimming and serve speed/accuracy in tennis)
  3. 3.Secondly, the correlation between test battery performance and upper limb/trunk kinematics in a tennis serve (measured via inertial measurement units (IMUs)) will be examined.
  4. 4.In the prospective study, the predictive validity of the test battery will be evaluated. Healthy swimmers and tennis players will be tested at baseline using the same test battery as mentioned above. The athletes will be followed for one year and new injuries will be recorded via a weekly questionnaire. Performance on the test battery will be associated with the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
200

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
42mo left

Started Nov 2023

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress41%
Nov 2023Nov 2029

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 22, 2023

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

November 22, 2023

Completed
9 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 1, 2023

Completed
5.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 1, 2029

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 1, 2029

Last Updated

June 25, 2025

Status Verified

December 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

5.9 years

First QC Date

November 22, 2023

Last Update Submit

June 19, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Sports performance

    For tennis players: serve performance test (12 serves), consisting of serve velocity and accuracy * serve velocity: Peak SV was measured with a Stalker Professional sports radar Pro II+ * serve accuracy: serve accuracy is evaluated based on a scoring system. Two points are awarded if the serve lands in the target area (target of 2x2 m down the "T"), only one point when serving into the serve box, and balls landing outside the serve box results in zero points. The score of every individual serve was summed up to a total score of a maximum of 24 points. * the average velocity and the total accuracy score is used for analysis For swimmers: time on 100m freestyle during competition event is used for analysis

    Baseline

  • New musculoskeletal injuries

    New musculoskeletal injuries registered by the OSTRC-H2 (The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems)

    During the 1 year follow-up after baseline measurements

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Range of motion, velocity and acceleration of the upper extremity during the tennis serve

    Baselline

Study Arms (4)

Adult tennis players

EXPERIMENTAL

tennis players between the age of 18 and 40

Other: Physical performance test - Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST)Other: Physical performance test - Seated Seated Single Arm Shot Put Test (SSASPT)Other: Physical performance test - Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT)Other: Physical performance test - Shoulder endurance test (SET)Other: Analytical test - Hand Grip StrengthOther: Analytical test - Shoulder Range of Motion (ROM)Other: PROM - Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC-SES)Other: PROM - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)Other: PROM - General elf-efficacy scale (GSES).

Adult swimmers

EXPERIMENTAL

swimmers between the age of 18 and 40

Other: Physical performance test - Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST)Other: Physical performance test - Seated Seated Single Arm Shot Put Test (SSASPT)Other: Physical performance test - Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT)Other: Physical performance test - Posterior shoulder endurance test (PSET)Other: Analytical test - Shoulder StrengthOther: Analytical test - Hand Grip StrengthOther: Analytical test - Shoulder Range of Motion (ROM)Other: PROM - Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC-SES)Other: PROM - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)Other: PROM - General elf-efficacy scale (GSES).

Adolescent tennis players

EXPERIMENTAL

tennis players between the age of 12 and 18

Other: Physical performance test - modified Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (m-CKCUEST)Other: Physical performance test - Seated Seated Single Arm Shot Put Test (SSASPT)Other: Physical performance test - Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT)Other: Physical performance test - Shoulder endurance test (SET)Other: Analytical test - Shoulder StrengthOther: Analytical test - Hand Grip StrengthOther: Analytical test - Shoulder Range of Motion (ROM)Other: PROM - Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC-SES)Other: PROM - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)Other: PROM - General elf-efficacy scale (GSES).

Adolescent swimmers

EXPERIMENTAL

swimmers between the age of 12 and 18

Other: Physical performance test - modified Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (m-CKCUEST)Other: Physical performance test - Seated Seated Single Arm Shot Put Test (SSASPT)Other: Physical performance test - Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT)Other: Physical performance test - Posterior shoulder endurance test (PSET)Other: Analytical test - Shoulder StrengthOther: Analytical test - Hand Grip StrengthOther: Analytical test - Shoulder Range of Motion (ROM)Other: PROM - Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC-SES)Other: PROM - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)Other: PROM - General elf-efficacy scale (GSES).

Interventions

The test is performed in a pushup position with the hands placed 91.4 cm apart on strips of athletic tape. The person reaches with alternating hands across the body to touch the piece of tape under the opposing hand. The number of cross-body touches performed in 15 seconds is recorded. In total, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

Adult swimmersAdult tennis players

The test is performed in a pushup position with the hands one half-arm span apart on strips of athletic tape. The person reaches with alternating hands across the body to touch the piece of tape under the opposing hand. The number of cross-body touches performed in 15 seconds is recorded. In total, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis players

Set up requires that the subject is placed in a seated position with their back against the wall, and a 2kg medicine ball held in a shot put position. When ready, the subject will perform a shot put motion to project the medicine ball as far as possible. The average of three trials is recorded for each arm.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

Participants starts in a modified (on elbows) push-up position. Participants are positioned next to a wall in order to allow the shoulder, the elbow epicondyle, the greater trochanter and the lateral malleolus of the ankle to touch the wall. Participants are asked to perform a trunk rotation, coupled with an external rotation of the shoulder in a 90°-90° position (90° abduction, 90° external rotation) touching the tape placed vertically on the wall as quickly as possible for 15 s. Finally, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

Participants were instructed to stand up straight with their back against a wall. The tested arm was placed in a 90°forward flexion holding a 1-m long thera-band® fixed at shoulder height on a graduated stick. Participants were asked to pull the thera-band® from the starting position 90°forward flexion-to a 90° external rotation and 90° abduction (90°90°position) at an alternated cadence given by a metronome. Males are asked to pull a green thera-band (2.1 kg) and females a red thera-band (1.7 kg). Repetitions are performed until the participant is fatigued.

Adolescent tennis playersAdult tennis players

The participant is positioned prone, with the test shoulder off the table and the arm perpendicular to the floor. A bar on a stick is adjusted for each patient and fixed at the point that the participant's shoulder reaches 90° of horizontal abduction, the point at which the participant was to hold the arm at the top of the arc of motion for 1 second. The participant held a weight equal to 2% of his body weight (rounded to the nearest 0.5 kg). Starting with the arm perpendicular to the floor, the participant horizontally abducted his arm to 90 degrees at a cadence of 30 beats per minute. Repetitions are performed until the participant is fatigued.

Adolescent swimmersAdult swimmers

shoulder external rotation and internal rotation measured with a hand held dynanometer

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmers

Hand grip strength measured with a JAMAR Hand Dynamometer

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

Passive external rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction - passive internal rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

The KJOC-SES survey is composed of ten 10-point questions to evaluate specifically the performance of overhead athletes, with the highest performance score of 100.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory scale contains 27 items. It a psychometric scale that asks the volunteer to rate, on a 4-point Likert scale, their coping skills for sports performance.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

The GSES measures (10 statements) how a person deals with stressors/difficult situations in life. The scale is about a person's self-confidence that his or her actions are responsible for successful outcomes or, in other words, that one has control over challenging demands imposed by the environment.

Adolescent swimmersAdolescent tennis playersAdult swimmersAdult tennis players

Eligibility Criteria

Age12 Years - 40 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • In good general health
  • Play tennis or swim competitively, at least 3 hours per week (training + competition)

You may not qualify if:

  • History of shoulder dislocation in dominant and/or nondominant shoulder
  • History of upper extremity surgery
  • At the moment of participation, participants should not report a substantial injury (defined by the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on health problems) in the past two months. A substantial injury is defined as a moderate or severe reduction in training volume or reduction in sports performance or complete inability to participate in sport as substantial injuries and illnesses.
  • Neurological symptoms in any extremity
  • Suffering from a systemic disease (such as diabetes, lupus, arthrosis,.. )

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Department of rehabilitation sciences

Ghent, 9000, Belgium

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Athletic Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Wounds and Injuries

Study Officials

  • Ann Cools

    University Ghent

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 22, 2023

First Posted

December 1, 2023

Study Start

November 22, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

November 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

November 1, 2029

Last Updated

June 25, 2025

Record last verified: 2024-12

Locations