Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Single and Multi-Joint Exercises With BFR and EMS in Male Volleyball Players

NCT06874829 | Active Not Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: UKarabuk-2
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 15
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Investigators used a randomized controlled crossover design to compare the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) protocols on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in multi-joint versus single-joint exercises. Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. In the BFR group, 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) was used. In the EMS group, a 75 Hz current was applied. In the Low Resistance exercise group, only exercise was performed without any condition. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Conditions

Volleyball Players; Post Activation Potentiation; Muscle Strength

Keywords

Post-activation performance; Blood Flow Restriction Exercise; volleyball; Hand Grip Strength; Service Speed

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Service speed

  Service speed will assess by standard radar apparatus (Net Playz Smart Pro Speed Radar, USA) and will record in km/h.

  From baseline to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

• Hand Grip strength

  Hand grip strength will assess by hand grip dynamometer (Takei 5,101, Tokyo, Japan) and will record in kg.

  From baseline to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

Other Outcomes (6)

• Bench Press 1Repetition maximum Test

  Baseline

• Triceps Push Down 1 repetition maximum Test

  Baseline

• Anthropometric Measurements 1

  Baseline

Study Arms (3)

Blood flow restriction

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In the BFR group, 50% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) was used.Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Other: Blood Flow Restriction

Electrical muscle stimulation

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In the EMS group, a 75 Hz current was applied. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Other: Electrical Muscle Stimulation

Low Load Resistance Exercise

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In the Low Resistance Exercise group, only exercise was performed without any condition (BFR or EMS. Bench press (multi-joint) and triceps push-down (single-joint) exercises were used in the conditions.

Other: Low-Load Resistance Exercise

Interventions

Electrical Muscle Stimulation OTHER

EMS will be applied bilaterally to the wrist flexor and elbow extensor muscles using a portable EMS stimulator (Compex Rehab 400, Medicompex SA, Ecublens, Switzerland). Four 2 mm thick, self-adhesive electrodes (5x5 cm) will be placed on the superficial aspect of each muscle group. The athletes will simultaneously receive EMS intervention with a pulse frequency of 75 Hz and a duration of 400 μs (19 seconds rest between pulses) during bench press and triceps pushdown exercises. Bench press and triceps push down exercises will be performed with 30% 1TM, 30-15-15-15 repetitions and thirty seconds rest between sets.

Also known as: EMS

Electrical muscle stimulation

Blood Flow Restriction OTHER

The arterial occlusion pressures (AOP) of the athletes randomized to the experimental group will be obtained automatically with the digital LED display CAC device BFR Unit (Fit Cuffs BFR Unit, Denmark). The AOP pressure device BFR Unit (Fit Cuffs BFR Unit, Denmark) will be used to apply 50% occlusion pressure during exercise. Bench press and triceps push down exercises will be performed with 30% 1TM, 30-15-15-15 repetitions and thirty seconds rest between sets.

Also known as: BFR

Blood flow restriction

Low-Load Resistance Exercise OTHER

Bench press and triceps pushdown exercises will be performed with 30% 1RM, 30-15-15-15 repetitions and 30 seconds rest between sets.

Also known as: LL-RE

Low Load Resistance Exercise

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Being healthy
• Male volleyball athletes
• Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

You may not qualify if:

• Being under 18 years old
• Having a chronic disease
• Contraindication for Electromyostimulation (EMS)
• Contraindication for Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)
• Contraindications for exercise

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Karabuk University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Karabuk University

Karabük, Turkey, 78200, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Keskin K, Akcay N, Ozmen T, Contarli N, Yildiz KC, Sofuoglu C, Kamis O, Rolnick N, de Queiros VS, Montoye A. Effects of different pre-exercise strategies on jumping performance in female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2025 Jan;65(1):59-68. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16196-8. Epub 2024 Oct 3.

  PMID: 39360986 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Blood Flow Restriction Therapy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Exercise Therapy; Rehabilitation; Aftercare; Continuity of Patient Care; Patient Care; Therapeutics; Physical Therapy Modalities

Study Officials

• Neslihan AKCAY, Doctorate

  Karabuk University

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Participants were strictly separated and think their intervention is the main intervention. The same is true for care providers. Outcome assessors were unaware of participant group status and were not allowed to ask correspondingly.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Model Details: Crossover Assignment

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 25, 2025
• First Posted: March 13, 2025
• Study Start: February 10, 2025
• Primary Completion: August 9, 2025
• Study Completion: October 29, 2025
• Last Updated: March 13, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-03

Locations

TU (1)