Effects of the EatWelLog App on Diet Management for Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity

NCT06360432 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: HSEARS20240214001
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Sarcopenic obesity, characterised by concurrent reduced muscle mass and excess body fat, affects 11% of older adults worldwide, rising to 23% in those over 75. Considering the negative synergistic impact on health, promoting muscle mass gains while reducing fat mass remains a significant challenge, necessitating urgent and effective intervention strategies for managing SO. Exercise and nutrition are the primary interventions recommended for SO. This project aims to evaluate the effects of the EatWellLog App developed by the investigators' team for local older adults, in improving:

• their sarcopenic obesity status, measured by all four diagnostic criteria, including grip strength, muscle mass, physical performance and body fat mass (primary outcome), and,
• nutritional self-efficacy, nutritional status, dietary quality, health-related quality of life, and adherence to diet and exercise regimens (secondary outcomes), by enhancing the self-management abilities and longer-term adherence to daily diet management among participants in the M-health group using the App, compared to the control group. The EatWellLog App, designed for older adults with SO, incorporating Klasnja and Pratt's five-strategy framework for mobile health (mHealth) applications development to facilitate health behavioural change. This App supports users with SO in managing daily diets that promote gradual weight loss and muscle mass preservation, adhering to the dietary regimen for this population. Forty older adults with SO will be recruited from local community health centres and then randomized to either m-health or control groups. Both groups will receive an 8-week supervised programme separately. The programme consists of personalised dietary modification programme and group-based exercise training which have been tested and used in the investigators' pilot and General Research Fund (GRF) project. Additionally, only the m-health group will be instructed to use the App for daily diet self-management. Participants will be assessed on a variety of outcomes immediately after the 8-week supervised programme (T1), which will be compared to the baseline (T0). To explore the possible long-term effects of the intervention, other measurements will be conducted at 3-(T2) and 6-(T3) months after the supervised programme, which will be compared with those conducted at T0.

Conditions

Sarcopenic Obesity

Keywords

Sarcopenic Obesity; m-health; dietary intervention; exercise; behaviour change

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Changes of muscle strength

  Handgrip strength (kg) will be measured by using the hand dynamometer.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Changes of muscle mass

  Muscle mass (kg) will be measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Changes of body mass index

  The weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Changes of waist circumference

  Waist circumference was taken as the minimum circumference between the umbilicus and xiphoid process and measured to the nearest 0.5 cm.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Changes of fat mass

  Fat mass (kg) will be measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scale

  The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scale will be used to measure physical function, which is a well-established tool for monitoring function in older people, which contains three kinds of assessments: stand for 10 seconds with feet in 3 different positions, 3-meter or 4-meter walking speed test, and time to rise from a chair for five times. The scores of SPPB range from 0 (worst performance) to 12 (best performance). The minimum and maximum values are 0 and 10 respectively. Higher scores mean a better performance.

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Short-form

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Nutrition Self-efficacy Scale

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I)

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D)

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

• Diet Adherence

  Change from baseline to 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after completing the program

Study Arms (2)

M-health group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in the M-health will receive an 8-week program consisting of personalized dietary modification program and group-based exercise training. Additionally, the m-health group will be instructed to use the EatWellLog app for daily diet self-management.

Behavioral: Dietary modification program; Behavioral: Exercise training; Behavioral: The EatWellLog App

Control group

SHAM COMPARATOR

Participants in the Control group will receive an identical, 8-week program consisting of personalized dietary modification program and group-based exercise training without using the EatWellLog App.

Behavioral: Dietary modification program; Behavioral: Exercise training

Interventions

Dietary modification program BEHAVIORAL

Participants will receive an 8-week program consisting of personalized dietary modification program. The dietary modification program is composed of a total of 8 personalized, one-hour face-to-face sessions. Participants will be encouraged to take on a moderate hypocaloric plan that cuts daily energy expenditure to encourage steady weight loss while preserving muscle mass. A protein intake of 1.5 g/kg of body weight per day is recommended. To optimize protein uptake, it's suggested that protein be distributed evenly across meals, aiming for 25-30 g per meal, inclusive of 2.5-2.8 g of leucine. Participants will also receive a guidebook, crafted through the Delphi method, to facilitate the adoption of these dietary modifications in their daily routines.

Control group; M-health group

Exercise training BEHAVIORAL

Participants will receive an 8-week program consisting of exercise training. It entails weekly group sessions, with each lasting an hour for 8 weeks. These sessions, designed for groups of approximately 10, will blend resistance and aerobic workouts to enhance muscle mass and strength while reducing fat in individuals with SO. Each session includes a 10-minute warm-up and cool-down, 20 minutes of resistance training using elastic bands, followed by a 20-minute brisk walking segment. Participants will also receive a YouTube link and a pamphlet describing the exercises, encouraging them to maintain at least 30 minutes of exercise five times a week during and beyond the supervised programme.

Control group; M-health group

The EatWellLog App BEHAVIORAL

Only participants in the M-health group will be instructed to use the EatWellLog app for daily diet self-management. This App supports participants with SO by providing a structured approach to managing a diet that encourages steady weight loss while maintaining muscle mass, in line with current nutritional recommendations for this demographic. The EatWellLog App has the following features: i) tracking participants' dietary habits by logging meals and snacks from a food list, ii) personalized online coaching and reminders by a multidisciplinary healthcare team, iii) participation of family caregivers through an interactive messaging function, iv) accessing health information via multiple channels, including animations, an at-a-glance display, and a reminder, and v) utilization of game elements, such as educational animations and video games to disseminate health and nutritional information related to SO.

M-health group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Aged 65 or above, and living in the community;
• Having SO according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the World Health Organization (WHO)'s obesity criteria for Asians:
• Early-stage sarcopenia indicated by fulfilment of one of the following criteria; handgrip strength \<28 kg (men) and \<18 kg (women); appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/ height2 \<7 kg/m2 (men) and \<5.7 kg/m2 (women), or SPPB score of \<9; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of \<9,
• Obesity indicated by BMI ≥25 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥90 cm (men) and ≥80 cm (women), or body fat \>30%;
• Own a smartphone with internet access; and
• Proficiency in communicating, reading, and writing in Chinese, and without major hearing and vision impairments to ensure that comprehension of our instructions.

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals with diseases impacting digestion or food consumption, including severe cardiac/ pulmonary/ renal diseases, diabetes, cancer, or autoimmune disorders;
• Those on medications affecting eating habits, digestion, or metabolism, such as weight loss drugs;
• Persons with alcohol use disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), potentially hindering dietary behaviour changes;
• Those with medical implants like pacemakers that could be disrupted by the bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA's) low-level electrical currents.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• The Hong Kong Polytechnic University: lead

Study Sites (1)

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong, Hong Kong

RECRUITING

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Interventions

Exercise

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Justina Liu, PhD

  The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Justina Liu, PhD

CONTACT

27666427; justina.liu@polyu.edu.hk

Amy Cheung

CONTACT

27664145; amy-ka-po.cheung@polyu.edu.hk

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: An independent assessor who is blinded to the group allocations will assess the participants' outcomes.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: A two-arm, assessor-blinded, parallel design pilot randomized control trial (RCT) consisting of a M-health and a control group will be adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of the EatWellLog App in improving older adults' sarcopenic obesity (SO) status and other SO-related parameters by enhancing the self-management abilities and longer-term adherence to daily diet management among participants in the M-health group using the App, compared to the control group.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 20, 2024
• First Posted: April 11, 2024
• Study Start: April 8, 2024
• Primary Completion: September 30, 2025
• Study Completion: October 31, 2025
• Last Updated: February 13, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

HK (1)