Brief Summary

Comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology and disease burden of metastatic prostate cancer patients in Finland is lacking. This study will address the following questions:

What are the demographic and clinical characteristics of metastatic prostate cancer patients?
How are metastatic prostate cancer patients currently treated and how effective are these treatments?
How does the development of castration-resistance affect patient outcomes?
What is the economic burden of metastatic prostate cancer?

Trial Health

On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment

1,083

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for all trials

Timeline

Completed

Started Feb 2023

Geographic Reach

1 country

1 active site

Status

completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

1.2 years study duration

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

January 17, 2023

Completed

9 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 26, 2023

Completed

18 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 13, 2023

Completed

1.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 10, 2024

Completed

Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 10, 2024

Completed

1.8 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

January 29, 2026

Completed

Last Updated

January 29, 2026

Status Verified

January 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

1.2 years

First QC Date

January 17, 2023

Results QC Date

April 2, 2025

Last Update Submit

January 28, 2026

Conditions

Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)Metastatic Castration Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mCSPC)

Keywords

mCRPCmetastatic prostate cancerregistry studyRWEreal world evidenceFinlandMetastasisProstatic NeoplasmsProstate cancer

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (28)

Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is a measurement of a person's leanness or corpulence based on their height and weight, and is intended to quantify tissue mass. It is widely used as a general indicator of whether a participant has a healthy body weight for their height. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
3 months before index date (closest value); retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and the PSA test measures its levels in the blood. It is primarily used to screen for prostate cancer and monitor participants after treatment. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate abnormalities. Common prostate abnormalities include benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostate cancer. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
3 months before index date (closest value); retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Alkaline Phosphatase (P-AFOS)
Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
3 months before index date (closest value); retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Length of Follow-up
Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
From index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants With de Novo Metastasis
The new metastasis was defined based on the prostate cancer diagnosis dates within 2 months from the index date. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to metastatic castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered new CRPC).
Within 2 months from index date; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Who Received Treatment for mCRPC and mCSPC
Number of participants who received treatment for mCRPC and mCSPC were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Diagnosed With mCSPC Who Progressed to mCRPC
Number of participants initially diagnosed With mCSPC who progressed into mCRPC were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants With Orchiectomy
Number of participants with orchiectomy done were reported in this outcome measure. Orchiectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. It is commonly performed to treat or prevent prostate cancer from spreading. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Closest record any time from index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Undergone Palliative Radiology
Number of participants with palliative radiology done were reported in this outcome measure. This is a treatment designed to alleviate symptoms caused by advanced cancer, rather than cure the disease. It is commonly used to reduce tumor size or provide relief from pain, bleeding, or obstructions, ultimately enhancing the participant's quality of life. It is especially beneficial for participants with cancers that cannot be cured, offering relief from distressing symptoms such as tumor compression on organs or bones, as well as severe pain. Palliative radiology is analyzed based on procedure code (WF049). Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants With Symptomatic Skeletal-Related Event (SSRE)
SSRE was defined as bone instability related to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer or due to the spread of prostate cancer to the bone (metastases). Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants With Osteoporosis
Number of participants with osteoporosis were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Who Were on Bone Medication
Number of participants who were on bone medication (denosumab, zoledronic acid) were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Who Were on Opioids
Number of participants who were on opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, methadone, hydromorphone) were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Classified Per Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Scores
CCI score range was from 0 to 14, where 0= low comorbid condition and 14= high comorbid condition, higher scores indicated more comorbidity. CCI was reported based on comorbidities reported 5 years before the index (index date included). Participants with grade 4 or more than 4 were combined and presented to avoid risk of re-identification of participants. Only those categories are reported which had at least 1 participant data in any of the reporting group. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Up to 5 years before the index date (index date included); retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Classified Per Gleason Score
Gleason score is used to grade tumors based upon its microscopic appearance. Gleason scores range from 1 (low-grade cancer) to 10 (high-grade cancer). Low grade prostate cancer grows more slowly than high-grade cancer and is less likely to spread (metastasize). Scores from 3-5 have been combined to avoid risk of re-identification of participants. Only those categories are reported which had at least 1 participant data in any of the reporting group. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Closest record any time from index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approx.14 months
Number of Participants Based on Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification: T
T categories: T1, T2, T3, T4; In this, T describes the size of the tumor and any spread of cancer into nearby tissue. Numbers after the T (such as T1, T2, T3, and T4) describe tumor size and/or amount of spread into nearby structures. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC). Higher numbers indicate greater the tumor size.
Closest record during 3 months before or after the index date; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Based on Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification: N
N categories: N0, N1, N2, NX. N describes spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes. Numbers after the N (such as N0, N1, N2, NX) describe tumor size and/or amount of spread into nearby structures. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC). Higher numbers indicate greater the tumor size and spread into nearby lymph nodes.
Closest record during 3 months before or after the index date; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Based on Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification: M
M categories: M0, M1. M describes metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body). Numbers after the M (such as M0, M1) describe tumor size and/or amount of spread into nearby structures. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC). Higher numbers indicate greater the tumor size and spread into nearby body parts.
Closest record during 3 months before or after the index date; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS)
ECOG PS is a scale to assess a participant's disease status. 0 = fully active, able to carry out all pre-disease performance without restriction; 1 = restricted in physically strenuous activity, ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light nature; 2 = ambulatory and capable of all self-care, unable to carry out any work activities. up and about \> 50% of waking hours; 3 = capable of only limited self-care, confined to bed or chair \> 50% of waking hours; 4 = completely disabled, confined to bed or chair; 5 = dead. Only those categories are reported which had at least 1 participant data in any of the reporting group. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Closest record during 3 months before or after the index date; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants According to Treatment Per Treatment Line for mPC: mCSPC Participants
Number of participants according to treatment per treatment line (first, second, third and fourth line) for mPC for mCSPC participants were reported in this outcome measure. Palliative care was analyzed based on International Classification of Diseases- 10th revision (ICD-10) code Z51.5. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants According to Treatment Per Treatment Line for mPC: mCRPC Participants
Number of participants according to treatment per treatment line (first, second, third and, fourth, and fifth line) for mPC for mCRPC participants were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
Post index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as time from index until death (event) or end of study identification 31-Dec-2022 (censoring event). Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
From index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Time to Next Treatment (TTNT)
TTNT was defined as time from initiation of the current treatment line until the initiation of the next treatment line (event), death (event), or end of study identification 31-Dec-2022 (censoring event). Data for first, second, third, fourth and fifth line treatment line was provided in this outcome measure. Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis.
From initiation of current treatment line until initiation of next treatment line, death censoring event, whichever occurred first, maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Time to Disease Progression
Time to disease progression was defined as time from mCSPC index until mCRPC index (event), death (competing event) or end of study identification period (31-December-2022; censoring event). Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
From mCSPC index until mCRPC index, death or censoring event, whichever occurred first, maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Participants Per Factors Associated With Disease Progression to Castration Resistant
Factors associated with disease progression to castration resistant included age, CCI, De nova mPC and Gleason score. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
From mCSPC index until mCRPC index, death or censoring event, whichever occurred first, maximum up to 24 months; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Annual Incidence of mPC, mCSPC and mCRPC
Incidence was calculated by dividing the number of incident participants each year (2014-2022) by the yearly size of background population in PHD. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC). In this outcome measure for arms mCSPC and mCRPC only those participants are reported who were classified or recorded as mCSPC and mCRPC in specified year. All participants reported under Overall Cohort mPC might not have been recognized/classified/recorded as mCSPC and mCRPC for the specified year, hence sum of participants reported against mCSPC and mCRPC might be less than the participants reported for mPC for that specified year.
From index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx.9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Events Per Participant Year for Outpatient Clinic Contacts, Hospitalization Contacts
Number of events per participant year for outpatient clinic contacts, hospitalization contacts were reported in this outcome measure. Index date for (i) mCSPC participants were defined as date for the first record of mPC (ii) mCRPC participants were defined as date for progression to castration resistant (if =3 months from castration-sensitive treatment initiation \[1st control usually at 3 months\], considered de novo CRPC).
From index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx. 9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months
Number of Days Per Participant Year for Hospital Inpatient Days
Number of days per participant year for hospital inpatient days were reported in this outcome measure.
From index date to end of follow-up date [death or end of identification 31-Dec-2022, whichever occurred first], maximum up to approx. 9 years; retrospective available data evaluated in this study for approximately 14 months

Study Arms (2)

Patients diagnosed with metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC)

Drug: degarelixDrug: goserelinDrug: leuprorelinDrug: triptorelin

Patients diagnosed with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

Drug: abirateroneDrug: enzalutamideDrug: docetaxelDrug: apalutamideDrug: cabazitaxelDrug: Radium-223Drug: Lutetium-177