NCT05455086

Brief Summary

This clinical trial studies the effect of free-base compared with nicotine salt based e-liquids on electronic cigarette (EC) puffing behavior, abuse liability, and deposition and absorption of nicotine in the respiratory tract and rate of uptake in the brain in current EC smokers. The results from this study may provide much needed scientific information to public health officials and regulators.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
21

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2022

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 20, 2021

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 23, 2022

Completed
4 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 13, 2022

Completed
12 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 26, 2023

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 26, 2023

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

March 24, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

March 24, 2025

Status Verified

March 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

1.3 years

First QC Date

September 20, 2021

Results QC Date

January 31, 2025

Last Update Submit

March 5, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (13)

  • PET/CT Imaging of the Head

    Evaluate effect of nicotine form (free-base vs nicotine salt base) on nicotine absorption and distribution in the brain with total absorbed dose (TAD) of \[11C\]nicotine.

    1.5 hours

  • PET/CT Imaging of the Chest

    Evaluate effect of nicotine form (free-base vs nicotine salt base) on nicotine absorption and distribution in the respiratory tract with total absorbed dose (TAD) of \[11C\]nicotine.

    1.5 hours

  • Puff Volume (mL)

    Puffing topography data was captured by the study e-cigarette to determine the puff volume.

    approx. 30 minutes

  • Puff Duration (s)

    Puffing topography data was captured by the study e-cigarette to determine the puff duration.

    approx. 30 minutes

  • Age of First Tobacco Use

    Age of first use will be assessed using the tobacco use history questionnaire.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Years of Tobacco Use

    Years of tobacco use will be assessed using the tobacco use history questionnaire.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Years of Regular Use of Nicotine/Tobacco Products

    Years of regular use of nicotine/tobacco products will be assessed using the tobacco history questionnaire

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Past 30 Day Use of Nicotine/Tobacco Products

    Days used in the past 30 days of nicotine/tobacco products including cigars, cigarillos, little cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, snus, EC/vape/mod/APV/e-hookah, and hookah tobacco.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ)

    12-item modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) completed following e-cigarette self-administration to assess subjective responses. The 12-item mCEQ includes five subscales: Smoking Satisfaction, Psychological Reward, Aversion, Enjoyment of Respiratory Tract Sensations, and Craving Reduction, with items rated from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely likely). Scores for each subscale are calculated as the mean of the individual item responses or the single item. Higher scores indicate greater intensity on that scale.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Drug Effects Liking Questionnaire (DEQ)

    An adapted version of the Drug Effects/Liking Questionnaire will assess the desire and liking of the study products. Five visual analog scale items ranging from 0 (not at all) to 100 (extremely) assessed wanting to vape the product again, liking the product, enjoying the product, finding the product pleasurable and satisfying. Higher scores indicate greater liking.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Modified Tiffany-Drobes Questionnaire of Smoking Urges: Brief Form (QSU)

    Urges/craving will be measured using a modified version of the Tiffany-Drobes Questionnaire of Smoking Urges: Brief Form. This is a 10-item measure where participants rate e-cigarette smoking-related items (All I want right now is an e-cigarette) on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Similar to previous studies, we will collapse the items into two previously identified factors (Factor 1: strong desire and intention to smoke an e-cigarette; Factor 2: anticipation of relief from withdrawal symptoms). Scores are calculated by summing the items and range from 5 to 35 with higher scores indicating greater craving to vape.

    aprox. 5 minutes

  • Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale

    Nicotine withdrawal will be assessed using the empirically validated 15-item version of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS). Items were rated on a 5-point scale from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). This measure assesses smoking craving, anger/irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, restlessness/difficulty concentrating, increased appetite, sleep problems, and somatic symptoms (nausea, constipation, sore throat, dizziness, coughing). MNWS is the sum of 8 items with scores ranging from 0 to 32 and MNWS Craving is a single item with scores ranging from 0 to 4, higher scores indicate a greater craving.

    approx. 5 minutes

  • Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide (CO)

    Exhaled breath carbon monoxide was collected before each scan with a handheld electrochemical device.

    approx. 5 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Arm I (pronated e-liquid, unprotonated e-liquid

EXPERIMENTAL

VISIT 2: Patients receive 1 puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored protonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET?CT and then 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT. About 2 hours post initial PET/CT, patients receive a second puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored protonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT and then 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET/CT. VISIT 3: Patients receive 1 puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored unprotonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET/CT and then 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT. About 2 hours post initial PET/CT, patients receive a second puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored protonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT and then 0-15 min head and 5 min chest

Behavioral: Cigarette SmokingProcedure: Computed TomographyProcedure: Positron Emission TomographyOther: Questionnaire Administration

Arm II (unprotonated e-liquid, protonated e-liquid

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

VISIT 2: Patients receive 1 puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored unprotonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET/CT and then 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT. About 2 hours post initial PET/CT, patients receive a second puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored unprotonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT and then 0-15 min head and 5 min chest. VISIT 3: Patients receive 1 puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored protonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET/CT and then 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT. About 2 hours post initial PET/CT, patients receive a second puff of tobacco flavored or unflavored protonated e-liquid and undergo 0-15 min chest and 5 min head PET/CT and then 0-15 min head and 5 min chest PET/CT.

Behavioral: Cigarette SmokingProcedure: Computed TomographyProcedure: Positron Emission TomographyOther: Questionnaire Administration

Interventions

Receive 1 puff of tobacco flavored protonated e-liquid

Arm I (pronated e-liquid, unprotonated e-liquidArm II (unprotonated e-liquid, protonated e-liquid

Undergo PET/CT

Also known as: CAT, CAT Scan, Computerized Axial Tomography, Computerized Tomography, CT, CT Scan, tomography
Arm I (pronated e-liquid, unprotonated e-liquidArm II (unprotonated e-liquid, protonated e-liquid

Undergo PET/CT

Also known as: Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, PET, PET Scan, Positron Emission Tomography Scan, Positron-Emission Tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Arm I (pronated e-liquid, unprotonated e-liquidArm II (unprotonated e-liquid, protonated e-liquid

Ancillary studies

Arm I (pronated e-liquid, unprotonated e-liquidArm II (unprotonated e-liquid, protonated e-liquid

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years - 50 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • A current exclusive e-cigarette user (\>= 1 vaping bout per day) for at least the past 6 months (confirmed by NicAlert saliva testing strip)
  • Between 21-50 years old
  • Willing to provide informed consent and abstain from all tobacco and nicotine use for at least 12 hours prior to visits 2 and 3
  • Willing to participate in 3 laboratory visits
  • Read and speak English
  • If utilizing study provided rideshare services, will need to live within 20 miles of Wake Forest University

You may not qualify if:

  • Self-reported diagnosis of lung disease including asthma, cystic fibrosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Unstable or significant psychiatric conditions (past and stable conditions will be allowed)
  • History of cardiac event or distress within the past 3 months
  • Currently pregnant (as indicated by urine pregnancy test at the start of each laboratory visit), planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding (women only)
  • Use of other tobacco products (e.g., cigarette, cigar, etc.) \> 5 days in the past month
  • Currently engaging in a tobacco product cessation attempt

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States

Location

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Spectrum AnalysisChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalInvestigative Techniques

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Theodore L. Wagener
Organization
OhioSUCCC

Study Officials

  • Theodore L Wagener, PhD

    Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 20, 2021

First Posted

July 13, 2022

Study Start

March 23, 2022

Primary Completion

June 26, 2023

Study Completion

June 26, 2023

Last Updated

March 24, 2025

Results First Posted

March 24, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-03

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations