The Effectiveness of Conversational AI Service (chatbot) Utilization on Vaccine Confidence

NCT05424952 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: UW 21-659
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 1,000
• Locations: 3 countries
• Sites: 3

Brief Summary

The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a conversational AI service (chatbot) on social media platforms to obtain accurate and up-to-date vaccine information, and assess the impact of chatbot usage on users' vaccine confidence and acceptance in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.

Conditions

Vaccination Hesitancy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Covid-19 vaccines confidence Index

  1. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are important for children/senior parents (or grandparents)" 2. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are safe for children/parents (or grandparents)" 3. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are effective for children/parents (or grandparents)" The response is a 5-point Likert scale: (a) Strongly agree (b)Tend to agree (c) Do not know (d) Tend to disagree (e) Strongly disagree

  1 week

• Covid-19 vaccines acceptance

  1. What is the vaccination status of your children/senior parents (or grandparents) as of now? 1. Is vaccinated with at least the first dose of the vaccine 2. Has made an appointment but has not been vaccinated with the first dose yet 3. Has not made an appointment but will get the vaccine. 4. Has no plan to get vaccinated anytime soon. 2. Do you want your children/senior parents (or grandparents) vaccinated against COVID-19 if vaccination is indicated and available for them? 1. Yes, definitely. 2. Unsure, but leaning towards yes. 3. Unsure, but leaning towards no. 4. No, definitely not.

  1 week

Study Arms (2)

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Eligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.

Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Eligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.

Other: Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)

Interventions

Conversational AI Service (Chatbot) OTHER

WhatsApp or Messenger Chatbot for COVID-19 vaccines

Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Hong Kong adult residents (English or Chinese users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 (including those who received first dose after the announcement of the COVID passport on 4th of January) or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
• Thailand adult residents (Thai users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 or above or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
• Singapore adult residents (English or Chinese users) with unvaccinated children aged between 5 to 11 years old.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• The University of Hong Kong: lead
• National University of Singapore: collaborator
• Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP): collaborator

Study Sites (3)

The University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Location

National University of Singapore

Singapore, Singapore

Location

Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program

Bangkok, Thailand

Location

Related Publications (18)

• Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework. Am J Public Health. 1999 Sep;89(9):1322-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322.

  PMID: 10474547 BACKGROUND

• Gaglio B, Shoup JA, Glasgow RE. The RE-AIM framework: a systematic review of use over time. Am J Public Health. 2013 Jun;103(6):e38-46. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301299. Epub 2013 Apr 18.

  PMID: 23597377 BACKGROUND

• Kobayashi T, Nishina Y, Tomoi H, et al. Corowa-kun: Impact of a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot on vaccine hesitancy, Japan 2021. medRxiv 2021: 2021.05.26.21257854.

  BACKGROUND

• de Figueiredo A, Simas C, Karafillakis E, Paterson P, Larson HJ. Mapping global trends in vaccine confidence and investigating barriers to vaccine uptake: a large-scale retrospective temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):898-908. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31558-0. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

  PMID: 32919524 BACKGROUND

• Larson HJ, Smith DM, Paterson P, Cumming M, Eckersberger E, Freifeld CC, Ghinai I, Jarrett C, Paushter L, Brownstein JS, Madoff LC. Measuring vaccine confidence: analysis of data obtained by a media surveillance system used to analyse public concerns about vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;13(7):606-613. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70108-7. Epub 2013 May 13.

  PMID: 23676442 BACKGROUND

• Wang Q, Yang L, Jin H, Lin L. Vaccination against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of acceptability and its predictors. Prev Med. 2021 Sep;150:106694. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106694. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

  PMID: 34171345 BACKGROUND

• Zhang J, Featherstone JD, Calabrese C, Wojcieszak M. Effects of fact-checking social media vaccine misinformation on attitudes toward vaccines. Prev Med. 2021 Apr;145:106408. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106408. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

  PMID: 33388335 BACKGROUND

• Altay S, Hacquin AS, Chevallier C, Mercier H. Information delivered by a chatbot has a positive impact on COVID-19 vaccines attitudes and intentions. J Exp Psychol Appl. 2023 Mar;29(1):52-62. doi: 10.1037/xap0000400. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

  PMID: 34726454 BACKGROUND

• Thomala LL. Penetration rate of leading social networks in Hong Kong as of 3rd quarter 2020 (Link: https://www.statista.com/statistics/412500/hk-social-network-penetration/, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Statista; 2020.

  BACKGROUND

• Kemp S. Digital 2021: Hong Kong (Link: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-hong-kong, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Data Reportal; 2021.

  BACKGROUND

• Müller J. Social network penetration in Singapore Q3 2020 (Link: https://www.statista.com/statistics/284466/singapore-social-network-penetration/, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Statista; 2020.

  BACKGROUND

• Huang C. Hong Kong faces uphill task to vaccinate its seniors against Covid-19 (Link: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hong-kongs-uphill-push-to-vaccinate-its-seniors-against-covid-19, last accessed on August 1, 2021). The Straits Times. 2021.

  BACKGROUND

• Steve. Lexicon. The LINE Phenomenon in Thailand - By the Numbers (Link: https://lexiconthai.com/blog/the-line-phenomenon-in-thailand-by-the-numbers/, last accessed on August 1, 2021), 2020.

  BACKGROUND

• Agency T. Line in Thailand Internet Population (Link: https://www.twfdigital.com/blog/2020/04/line-user- stat-in-thailand-2020/, last accessed on August 1, 2021), 2020.

  BACKGROUND

• Get bad news (Link: https://www.getbadnews.com/#intro, last accessed on August 1, 2021). 2021.

  BACKGROUND

• Elkin J. WHO launches a chatbot on Facebook Messenger to combat COVID-19 misinformation. (Link: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-launches-a-chatbot-powered-facebook- messenger-to-combat-covid-19-misinformation, last accessed: August 1, 2021). 2020.

  BACKGROUND

• Larson HJ, Schulz WS, Tucker JD, Smith DM. Measuring vaccine confidence: introducing a global vaccine confidence index. PLoS Curr. 2015 Feb 25;7:ecurrents.outbreaks.ce0f6177bc97332602a8e3fe7d7f7cc4. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.ce0f6177bc97332602a8e3fe7d7f7cc4.

  PMID: 25789200 BACKGROUND

• SAGE. Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (Link: https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesita ncy_final.pdf, last accessed on August 1, 2021), 2014.

  BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Vaccination Hesitancy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Vaccination Refusal; Treatment Refusal; Treatment Adherence and Compliance; Health Behavior; Behavior

Study Officials

• Joseph T Wu, PhD

  The University of Hong Kong

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 21, 2021
• First Posted: June 21, 2022
• Study Start: February 11, 2022
• Primary Completion: February 17, 2023
• Study Completion: February 17, 2023
• Last Updated: December 6, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-12

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL
• Time Frame: Beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication
• Access Criteria: Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for meta-analysis. Proposals should be directed to Kathyleung@connect.hku.hk; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

Locations

TH (1); HK (1); SG (1)