Immersive Virtual Reality Bicycling for Healthy Adults

NCT05253703 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: Pro2021002091
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 50
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study has four objectives about healthy younger and older adults during immersive virtual reality bicycling: Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for younger healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for older healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Compare younger and older during visual feedback and competition bicycling in terms of: user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity Determine if attention differs in visual feedback bicycling compared to competition bicycling for younger and older healthy adults

Conditions

Healthy

Keywords

competition; exercise; bicycling; aging; virtual reality

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (12)

• Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Feedback

  Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

• Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Self-Competition

  Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

• Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Other-Competition

  Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

• Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Feedback

  Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute feedback bout

• Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Self-Competition

  Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute self-competition bout

• Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Other-Competition

  Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute other-competition bout

• Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Feedback

  Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

• Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Self-Competition

  Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

• Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Other-Competition

  Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

• Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Feedback

  3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

• Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Self-Competition

  3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

• Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Other-Competition

  3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

  Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

Secondary Outcomes (13)

• Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (start)

  Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

• Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (middle)

  Session 1 - At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

• Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (end)

  Session 1 - At the endpoint (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

• Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (start)

  Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout

• Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (middle)

  Session 1 -At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout

Other Outcomes (2)

• International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

  Collected once at start of the session

• Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

  Collected once during screening

Study Arms (1)

Virtual Reality Bicycling

OTHER

This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 5 minutes each.

Other: Virtual reality bicycling

Interventions

Virtual reality bicycling OTHER

This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session (see arm/group description).

Virtual Reality Bicycling

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 21 Years - 75 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• years old,
• Able to ride a stationary upright bicycle,
• Able to sign informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Have a recent history of severe heart disease, severe lung disease, uncontrolled diabetes, traumatic brain injury or any other neurological disorder
• Are unable to follow directions or sign a consent form,
• Do not have adequate vision or hearing ability to see or hear a television,
• Have unstable medical condition or musculoskeletal disorder such as severe arthritis, recent knee surgery, hip surgery, or any other condition that the investigators determine would impair the ability to ride the bicycle,
• Have any other medical condition that prevents bicycling,
• Have moderate depression (score of 10 or more on PHQ-9 screening tool)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey: lead

Study Sites (1)

Rutgers School of Health Professions

Newark, New Jersey, 07107, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Palmieri JL, Deutsch JE. The effects of competition on exercise intensity and the user experience of exercise, during virtual reality bicycling for healthy adults across the lifespan. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Aug 8;17(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01253-9.

  PMID: 40781343 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Study Officials

• Judith E Deutsch

  Rutgers School of Health Professions

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor, Department of Rehabilitation & Movement Sciences

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 10, 2022
• First Posted: February 24, 2022
• Study Start: February 16, 2022
• Primary Completion: June 7, 2022
• Study Completion: June 7, 2022
• Last Updated: August 18, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL
• Time Frame: The investigators will make study data available immediately following completion.
• Access Criteria: Open Access

Locations

US (1)