Adolescent Responses to Varying Environments in Virtual Reality Simulations

NCT04465240 | Completed Results

• 3 other identifiers: 2626251R21HD099596-01UP-19-00205
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 107
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The objective of this study, named THRIVE (The Research In Virtual Environments Study), is to test hypotheses for how neighborhood environments influence stress and emotion, as a mechanism by which they may influence health. Neighborhood environments may have both acute influences on stress-related processes, but also may have lifespan effects due to the chronic, cumulative effects of repeated exposures and the long-term toll of adapting to adverse neighborhood environments. However, assessing neighborhood influences on stress and emotion is methodologically challenging. This study develops such a novel, alternative approach to address these questions by deploying a virtual reality (VR) based model of neighborhood disadvantage and affluence that creates an immersive experience approximating the experience of being in different neighborhoods. In this study, this model will be applied to understand neighborhood effects in a diverse sample of adolescents (n = 130) from a range of disadvantaged and affluent neighborhoods. The proposed study will employ a randomized experiment (n = 65 per condition), with online questionnaires and a single study session, to determine (a) if virtual exposure to neighborhood disadvantage elicits differences in emotion and stress reactivity; (2) if growing up in a disadvantaged neighborhood results in habituation or sensitization to different neighborhood characteristics; and (3) if chronic stress results in habituation or sensitization to different neighborhood characteristics. This research will develop an innovative methodology that will help establish the role that neighborhoods may play in eliciting stress as well as the processes of adaptation to chronic stress and chronic neighborhood exposures. In addition, it will help establish a method that can be utilized more broadly to study contextual and social environmental influences on psychological and biological risk in adolescence.

Conditions

Residential Characteristics; Emotions; Stress, Psychological; Stress, Physiological

Keywords

Neighborhoods; Poverty Areas; Adolescent Development

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (7)

• Emotional Response

  Multiple measures were used for emotion felt in the VR neighborhood: 1. Participants rate how strongly they felt 9 specific emotions (0-8 scale; 0 indicates none, 8 is the strongest possible feeling). 2. Two composite scores based on averaging responses for specific emotions: Positive emotion (enthusiasm, contentment, amusement) and Negative emotion (fear, sadness, disgust, anger). Averages were based on the standard score representing standard deviations above/below the mean. The mean score was 0. Positive emotion ranged from -1.9, the lowest positive emotion, to 2.0, the highest. Negative emotion ranged from -0.7, the lowest negative emotion, to 3.5, the highest. A positive score reflects greater than average for that type of emotion, and negative score reflects less than average for that type of emotion. 3. Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale: two dimensional scales for how they felt, from (a) happy to unhappy (1 to 9), and (b) excited to calm (1 to 9) (Bradley \& Lang, 1994)

  Immediately after the virtual reality task (average of 28 minutes post baseline)

• Salivary Cortisol

  Concentration of the stress hormone cortisol in saliva samples, measured in (µg/dL), that participants provide over the course of the study session to assess cortisol response

  Measured 5 times: (1) end of baseline, (2) after virtual reality (VR) neighborhood (VR: 11 minutes, average), (3) after questionnaires (26 minutes after VR end, average), (4) video (recovery), after first 15 minutes, (5) after final 15 minutes of video

• Blood Pressure

  Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, in mmHG, measured and summarized across epochs in the study session.

  Measured in 5 epochs, typical 60-90 minutes total: (1) Baseline before virtual reality (VR), (2) VR neighborhood (11 minutes, average), (3) Questionnaires (begins 6 minutes after VR end, average), (4) Video: first 15 minutes, (5) Video, final 15 minutes

• Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA)

  Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) reflects parasympathetic nervous systemt activity and is used as an index of emotion regulation, with higher scores indicating greater parasympathetic activation. It is derived from the natural log of the power of high frequency heart rate variability (heart rate variability is the variability in the amount of time in between heart beats, and high frequency heart rate variability is the power of activity in the 0.15-0.4 Hz range). Based on electrocardiograph signals measured and summarized across epochs in the study session.

  Measured in 5 epochs, typical 60-90 minutes total: (1) Baseline before virtual reality (VR), (2) VR neighborhood (11 minutes, average), (3) Questionnaires (begins 6 minutes after VR end, average), (4) Video: first 15 minutes, (5) Video, final 15 minutes

• Cardiac Output (CO)

  Cardiac Output (CO) represents the volume of blood pumped by the heart (L/min). Increasing values indicate greater volume of blood pumped per unit time. Derived from impedance cardiography signals measured and and then summarized across epochs in the study session.

  Measured in 5 epochs, typical 60-90 minutes total: (1) Baseline before virtual reality (VR), (2) VR neighborhood (11 minutes, average), (3) Questionnaires (begins 6 minutes after VR end, average), (4) Video: first 15 minutes, (5) Video, final 15 minutes

• Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

  Total peripheral resistance (TPR) is an index of an index of vasoconstriction (mean arterial pressure divided by cardiac output). Increasing values indicate greater vasoconstriction. Derived from impedance cardiography signals measured and and then summarized across epochs in the study session.

  Measured in 5 epochs, typical 60-90 minutes total: (1) Baseline before virtual reality (VR), (2) VR neighborhood (11 minutes, average), (3) Questionnaires (begins 6 minutes after VR end, average), (4) Video: first 15 minutes, (5) Video, final 15 minutes

• Pre-ejection Period (PEP)

  Pre-ejection period (PEP) is a measure of sympathetic nervous system activation. Higher values indicate greater sympathetic activation. Derived from impedance cardiography (Q-point in ECG to B-point in impedance cardiography), signals are measured and and then summarized across epochs in the study session.

  Measured in 5 epochs, typical 60-90 minutes total: (1) Baseline before virtual reality (VR), (2) VR neighborhood (11 minutes, average), (3) Questionnaires (begins 6 minutes after VR end, average), (4) Video: first 15 minutes, (5) Video, final 15 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Virtual reality simulation of neighborhood disadvantage

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will attend one study session. They will watch a video during a baseline rest period. Participants will be assigned to navigate and explore the virtual neighborhood representative of disadvantage they were assigned to. Then they will watch a video again during a recovery period.

Other: Virtual reality

Virtual reality simulation of neighborhood affluence

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will attend one study session. They will watch a video during a baseline rest period. Participants will be assigned to navigate and explore the virtual neighborhood, representative of affluence they were assigned to. Then they will watch a video again during a recovery period.

Other: Virtual reality

Interventions

Virtual reality OTHER

Participants are immersed in a neighborhood environment in virtual reality

Virtual reality simulation of neighborhood affluence; Virtual reality simulation of neighborhood disadvantage

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 14 Years - 17 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• English speaking
• Are able to use a dominant hand for joystick manipulation and a non- dominant hand for physiological measurements,
• Have hair at least 1cm in length based on self-report to be able to provide a hair sample.

You may not qualify if:

• Pregnant, by self-report

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Southern California: lead
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

University of Southern California / USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work

Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Stress, Psychological

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Daniel A. Hackman, Ph.D.
• Organization: University of Southern California

dhackman@usc.edu

(213) 821-3112

Study Officials

• Daniel A Hackman, PhD

  University of Southern California

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 11, 2020
• First Posted: July 10, 2020
• Study Start: October 6, 2021
• Primary Completion: April 22, 2023
• Study Completion: April 22, 2023
• Last Updated: June 7, 2024
• Results First Posted: June 7, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-05

Locations

US (1)