Bosutinib in Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase or Resistant/Intolerant Ph + Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
A Phase I/II Study of Bosutinib in Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase or Resistant/Intolerant Ph + Chronic Myeloid Leukemia", Study ITCC-054/COG-AAML1921
5 other identifiers
interventional
60
8 countries
59
Brief Summary
This is a Phase 1-2, multicenter, international, single-arm, open-label study designed to identify a recommended dose of bosutinib administered orally once daily in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML (ND CML) and pediatric patients with Ph+CML who have received at least one prior TKI therapy (R/I CML), to preliminary estimate the safety and tolerability and efficacy, and to evaluate the PK of bosutinib in this patient population.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for phase_1
Started Jul 2020
Longer than P75 for phase_1
59 active sites
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
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Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
January 16, 2020
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
February 6, 2020
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
July 6, 2020
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
July 1, 2028
ExpectedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
July 1, 2028
September 18, 2025
September 1, 2025
8 years
January 16, 2020
September 17, 2025
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (14)
1. Incidence (and severity) of Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) assessed during the first 28 days of treatment.
Data from Phase 1; Dose-limiting toxicities determined as adverse events occurring in the first cycle (28 days) of treatment, which are attributable to bosutinib. Assessment will be done according the following DLT definition: * Non-hematologic AEs: grade ≥3 toxicities, except those that have not been optimally treated; any grade ≥2 toxicity requiring discontinuation/interruption for ≥7 days during the first 28 days of treatment; clinically significant laboratory abnormalities grade ≥3 or lasting ≥7 days despite optimal treatment * Hematologic AEs: grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia lasting ≥7 days (not explained by persistent leukemia).
First 28 days of treatment (first cycle)
PK parameters of bosutinib: Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax)
Data from Phase 1; Maximum plasma concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time postdose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose and before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days); unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib:Time to Cmax (Tmax)
Data from Phase 1; Time to maximum plasma concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to the dosing interval (AUCτ)
Data from Phase 1; Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to the dosing interval calculated from the plasma concentration-time data by linear trapezoidal rule during the ascending phase and log trapezoidal rule during the descending phase.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Pre-dose concentration (Ctrough)
Data from Phase 1; Pre-dose concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Apparent clearance (CL/F).
Data from Phase 1; Apparent clearance of the drug from plasma after oral administration, calculated as Dose/AUCt.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
AEs, as characterized by type, frequency, severity (as graded using CTCAE version, v4.03), timing, seriousness, and relation to study therapy (pooled across ND and R/I CML patients and by line of therapy).
Data from Phase 2; AEs will be graded by the investigator according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 and coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Treatment emergent AEs (TEAEs) are defined as those with initial onset or increasing in severity after the first dose of study medication. Endpoints include maximum toxicity, time to first event (time from first dose to date of first event including only non-partial dates), duration of any stage/grade event (time from start date to stop date including only non-partial dates).
AE's will be collected from signing informed consent continuously during the study until 28 days after last dose (on average, 2 years).
PK parameters of bosutinib: Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax)
Data from Phase 2; subset of newly diagnosed patients. Maximum plasma concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post-dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose and before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 & and before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib:Time to Cmax (Tmax)
Data from Phase 2; subset of newly diagnosed patients. Time to maximum plasma concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post-dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.\]
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to the dosing interval (AUCτ)
Data from Phase 2; subset of newly diagnosed patients. Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to the dosing interval calculated from the plasma concentration-time data by linear trapezoidal rule during the ascending phase and log trapezoidal rule during the descending phase.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Pre-dose concentration (Ctrough)
Data from Phase 2; subset of newly diagnosed patients. Pre-dose concentration of bosutinib calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post-dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
PK parameters of bosutinib: Apparent clearance (CL/F).
Data from Phase 2; subset of newly diagnosed patients. Apparent clearance of the drug from plasma after oral administration, calculated as Dose/AUCt.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing (each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
Population PK parameters of bosutinib including volume of distribution based on combined PK data from Phase 1 and Phase 2
Data from Phase1 and Phase 2. Population PK parameters of bosutinib including volume of distribution based on combined PK data from Phase 1 and Data from Phase1 and Phase 2. Volume of distribution are calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post-dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations.
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose & before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing(each cycle is 28 days); for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
Population PK parameters of bosutinib including clearance based on combined PK data from Phase 1 and Phase 2
Data from Phase1 and Phase 2. Clearance is calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The calculated elapsed time post-dose and actual dose will be used for all calculations
Cycle 1 Day 14: pre-dose & 1, 3, 6, 8, & 24 hours post-dose and before day 15 dosing; Cycles 2, 3 & 4, Day 1: 24 hours post Day 14 dose & before Day 15 dosing(each cycle is 28 days);for unexpected and/or serious bosutinib-related AEs: when AE is detected
Secondary Outcomes (19)
AEs, as characterized by type, frequency, severity (as graded using CTCAE version, v4.03), timing, seriousness, and relation to study therapy;
From signing informed consent, continuously during the study until 28 days after last dose (on average 2 years).
Occurrence of laboratory abnormalities of hematology, blood chemistry, liver functions, coagulation, HbsAg, urinalysis and pregnancy tests values, as characterized by type, frequency, severity and timing summarized in an overview table
Screening; cycle 1 days 1, 8, 14, 22; cycles 2 to 7: at start of every cycle; cycle 8 and higher: every 3 cycles; End of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days)
ECG abnormalities: QT interval
For ECG: Screening; Cycle 1, day 14; Cycles 2, 3 and 4, day 1; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days)
ECG abnormalities: RR interval
For ECG: Screening; Cycle 1, day 14; Cycles 2, 3 and 4, day 1; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days)
ECG abnormalities: PR interval
For ECG: Screening; Cycle 1, day 14; Cycles 2, 3 and 4, day 1; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days)
- +14 more secondary outcomes
Other Outcomes (16)
Parameters of bone metabolism and growth: linear growth
Screening; Start cycle 7; Cycle 8 and higher: every 12 months since start of therapy or every 6 months from cycle 7; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days).
Parameters of bone metabolism and growth: bone age
Screening; Start cycle 7; Cycle 8 and higher: every 12 months since start of therapy or every 6 months from cycle 7; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days).
Parameters of bone metabolism and growth: bone mineral density of lumbar spine
Screening; Start cycle 7; Cycle 8 and higher: every 12 months since start of therapy or every 6 months from cycle 7; end of treatment: within 28 days after last dose (each cycle is 28 days).
- +13 more other outcomes
Study Arms (1)
Single Agent Bosutinib
EXPERIMENTALBosutinib administered orally once daily in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML (ND CML) and pediatric patients with Ph+CML who have received at least one prior TKI therapy (R/I CML). A treatment cycle is defined as 28 days
Interventions
Patients with R/I disease are enrolled at a dose of 400 mg/m2 (DL2B) based on tolerability and PK analysis. Once the RP2D for R/I patients (RP2DR/I) is determined in the Phase 1, subsequent patients with R/I disease will be enrolled at the RP2DR/I for this subpopulation for the Phase 2 component of the study (see section 1.6.3 and section 3 for details). \- Patients with newly diagnosed disease are being enrolled on Phase 2 component only, at RP2DND dose of 300 mg/m2. (see section 1.6.3 and section 3 for details)
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML\[2\] at either time of initial CML diagnosis or at time of study screening:
- Cytogenetics must be performed by chromosome banding analysis (CBA) of bone marrow cell metaphases, and requires at least 20 metaphases.
- Only if dividing marrow cells cannot be obtained, or if there is an insufficient number of metaphases, CBA can be substituted by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells, using dual color dual fusion probes, that allow the detection of BCR-ABL+ nuclei; at least 200 nuclei should be counted.
- Qualitative RT-PCR should be performed on RNA extracted from freshly collected bone marrow or peripheral blood cells. It identifies the transcript type, either e14a2 or 13a2 (also known as b3a2 and b2a2), or much more rarely e19a2, or e1a2, indicating the BCRABL protein weight (P210, rarely P230 or P190).
- Resistance (suboptimal response or failure, as defined by 2013 European Leukemia Net guidelines\[3\]) or intolerance (with or without suboptimal response or failure) to at least one prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) The 2013 European LeukemiaNet guidelines\[3\] will be used to define suboptimal response and failure to prior TKI therapy. Details are provided in appendices 3 (intolerance or failure after one TKI) and 4 (Failure after more than one TKIs).
- Intolerance to prior TKI therapy will be determined by the treating investigator, but generally applies to patients who are unable to receive standard or reduced doses of a TKI due to significant drug-related toxicity and/or when the drug-related toxicity is not responding to appropriate medical management. Patients who enroll as a result of intolerance to prior TKI therapy may have any level of response to their prior therapy and still be eligible.
- Age ≥1 and \<18 years at day of attaining the informed consent.
- Lansky performance status ≥50% for patients ≤16 years of age, or Karnofsky scale ≥50% for patients \>16 years of age (appendix 5).
- Adequate bone marrow function:
- For second-line and third-line CP CML patients:
- Absolute neutrophil count \>1000/mm3 (\>1.0 x109/L); Platelets ≥75,000/mm3 (≥75 x109/L) without any platelet transfusions during the preceding 7 days.
- For fourth-line CP and all for all AP/BP CML patients:
- Absolute neutrophil count \>500/mm3 (\>0.5 x109/L); Platelets ≥50,000/mm3 (≥50 x109/L) without any platelet transfusions during the preceding 7 days.
- Adequate Renal Function: Subjects must have a calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 60mL/min/1.73 m2, using the Schwartz formula to estimate GFR (see appendix 11).
- Adequate liver function, including:
- +7 more criteria
You may not qualify if:
- Patients presenting with any of the following will not be included in the study:
- Diagnosis of primary Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- Extramedullary disease only.
- Any prior treatment with a TKI within 7 days prior to starting bosutinib treatment, or other antitumor or anti-leukemia treatment (with the exception of hydroxyurea and/or anagrelide) within 14 days prior to start of bosutinib treatment.
- Prior growth factors or biologic agents within 7 days prior to bosutinib treatment.
- Use of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers (see Appendix 8) within 7 days prior and/or concomitant to bosutinib treatment
- Use of proton pump inhibitors (Ph-modifying agents) within 7 days prior and/or concomitant to bosutinib treatment.
- Prior radiotherapy within 3 months prior to bosutinib treatment.
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation within 3 months prior to bosutinib treatment.
- Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) within 1 month prior to bosutinib treatment.
- Hereditary bone marrow failure disorder.
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) within 60 days prior to bosutinib treatment.
- Major surgery within 14 days prior to bosutinib treatment (recovery from any previous surgery should be complete before day 1).
- History of clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including:
- History of or active congestive heart failure; Clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or Torsades de pointes); Diagnosed or suspected congenital or acquired prolonged QT syndrome; History of prolonged QTc.
- +49 more criteria
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- Children's Oncology Grouplead
- Erasmus Medical Centercollaborator
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Groupcollaborator
- Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancercollaborator
- Pfizercollaborator
Study Sites (59)
Children's Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
Phoenix Childrens Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona, 85016, United States
Arkansas Children's Hospital
Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202-3591, United States
Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center
Downey, California, 90242, United States
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States
Kaiser Permanene-Oakland
Oakland, California, 94611, United States
Children's Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California, 92868, United States
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States
Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, United States
Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida
Fort Myers, Florida, 33908, United States
University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville
Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States
Nemours Children's Hospital
Orlando, Florida, 32827, United States
Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96826, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States
Blank Children's Hospital
Des Moines, Iowa, 50309, United States
Norton Children's Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, United States
Children's Specialty Center of Nevada II
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89109, United States
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States
Morristown Medical Center
Morristown, New Jersey, 07960, United States
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, United States
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
New Hyde Park, New York, 11040, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, United States
Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron
Akron, Ohio, 44308, United States
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States
Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, 43205, United States
Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18017, United States
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, United States
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States
East Tennessee Childrens Hospital
Knoxville, Tennessee, 37916, United States
Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States
Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
Austin, Texas, 78723, United States
UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
M D Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia, 22042, United States
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, United States
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States
CHU Lyon/Hospices Civils de Lyon
Lyon, France
Hopital Armand Trousseau
Paris, France
Hopital Robert Debré
Paris, France
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Erlangen, Germany
San Gerardo Hospital
Monza, Italy
Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu
Rome, Italy
Ospedale Regina Margerita
Torino, Italy
Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Prinses Maxima centrum voor kinderoncologie
Utrecht, Netherlands
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
Barcelona, Spain
Hospital Niño Jesús
Madrid, Spain
University Children's Hospital
Zurich, Switzerland
Birmingham Children's Hospital
Birmingham, United Kingdom
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
London, United Kingdom
Related Publications (2)
Baccarani M, Deininger MW, Rosti G, Hochhaus A, Soverini S, Apperley JF, Cervantes F, Clark RE, Cortes JE, Guilhot F, Hjorth-Hansen H, Hughes TP, Kantarjian HM, Kim DW, Larson RA, Lipton JH, Mahon FX, Martinelli G, Mayer J, Muller MC, Niederwieser D, Pane F, Radich JP, Rousselot P, Saglio G, Saussele S, Schiffer C, Silver R, Simonsson B, Steegmann JL, Goldman JM, Hehlmann R. European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013. Blood. 2013 Aug 8;122(6):872-84. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-501569. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
PMID: 23803709BACKGROUNDBrivio E, Pennesi E, Willemse ME, Huitema ADR, Jiang Y, van Tinteren HDR, van der Velden VHJ, Beverloo BH, den Boer ML, Rammeloo LAJ, Hudson C, Heerema N, Kowalski K, Zhao H, Kuttschreuter L, Bautista Sirvent FJ, Bukowinski A, Rizzari C, Pollard J, Murillo-Sanjuan L, Kutny M, Zarnegar-Lumley S, Redell M, Cooper S, Bertrand Y, Petit A, Krystal J, Metzler M, Lancaster D, Bourquin JP, Motwani J, van der Sluis IM, Locatelli F, Roth ME, Hijiya N, Zwaan CM. Bosutinib in Resistant and Intolerant Pediatric Patients With Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results From the Phase I Part of Study ITCC054/COG AAML1921. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Mar 1;42(7):821-831. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00897. Epub 2023 Nov 30.
PMID: 38033284DERIVED
Related Links
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Interventions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- phase 1
- Allocation
- NA
- Masking
- NONE
- Purpose
- TREATMENT
- Intervention Model
- SINGLE GROUP
- Sponsor Type
- NETWORK
- Responsible Party
- SPONSOR
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
January 16, 2020
First Posted
February 6, 2020
Study Start
July 6, 2020
Primary Completion (Estimated)
July 1, 2028
Study Completion (Estimated)
July 1, 2028
Last Updated
September 18, 2025
Record last verified: 2025-09