Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of School-based Smoking Prevention Education Program Among Non-smoking Adolescents

NCT04036474 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IIUM/504/14/11/2/IREC650
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 145
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Preventing smoking among adolescents is critical to end the epidemic of smoking in Malaysia. Despite the implementation of several smoking prevention programs, the prevalence of adolescent smoking and experimenting with tobacco in Malaysia is still increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Smoking Prevention Education Programs (SPEP) in preventing the smoking initiation among non-smoker adolescents based on their smoking status on follow-up and smoking intention, which includes; attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control as described by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A total of 140 Primary five students (non- smokers) were involved in this study. Four schools in Kuantan district were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention schools received a lecture on the hazards of smoking and SPEP intervention whereas the control schools received just a lecture on the hazards of smoking. The questionnaires and exhale carbon monoxide levels were first assessed at baseline and then again after three months.

Conditions

Smoking Behaviors

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Number of students who smoke

  Number of students who started smoking by the end of 3 months as assessed by a self-reported questionnaire and through measurement of exhaled CO levels using a handheld CO analyzer (piCO Smokerlyzer, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, England).

  3 months

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Mean score of students' intention to smoke

  3 months

• Mean score of students' attitudes towards smoking

  3 months

• Mean score of students' perception of subjective norms

  3months

• Mean score of students' perceived behavioural control

  3 months

Study Arms (2)

Smoking Prevention Education Program

EXPERIMENTAL

In addition to the lecture on the hazards of smoking, students received the SPEP intervention. The SPEP consisted of three lessons and each lesson took one to two hours to be implemented. The SPEP intervention was delivered to participants in their usual classroom setting, during school hours combined with relevant school subjects such as physical education class. The duration of SPEP intervention took approximately one month.

Other: Smoking Prevention Education Program

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Immediately after the collection of baseline data, students received a one-time lecture on the hazards of smoking by the research assistant.

Interventions

Smoking Prevention Education Program OTHER

The SPEP consisted of three lessons and each lesson took one to two hours to be implemented. SPEP was conducted through direct and indirect method. Direct method was conducted through lectures, question and answer, role play and educational videos. The tools used were video projectors and Power Point presentations. On the other hand, the indirect method was done through distributing of badge buttons and fridge magnets "Be Free from Smoking". This method brought a simple message to increase awareness among adolescents to prevent smoking uptake. All instruments and protocols in this intervention were pilot tested to confirm feasibility and cultural appropriateness.

Smoking Prevention Education Program

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 11 Years - 11 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Primary school students (standard 5)
• years' old
• Non- smoker (CO level less than 4ppm) to maintain baseline never- smoker
• Both genders
• Consented by parent

You may not qualify if:

• Ex-smoker (self- reporting) and smoker (CO level more than 4ppm)
• Students unable to understand and read the national language (Bahasa Malaysia)
• Children with special needs

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National University of Singapore: lead

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Research Assistant

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 24, 2019
• First Posted: July 29, 2019
• Study Start: July 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: January 28, 2017
• Study Completion: January 28, 2017
• Last Updated: July 30, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share