Effect of Different Volumes of Training of Pilates Exercises on Elderly

NCT03791502 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: MP2018
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 48
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

It will be an experimental study conducted with elderly of both sexes, these will be divided randomly into three groups and the intervention will happen twice a week, for 60 minutes, for 12 weeks. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of different volumes of Pilates exercise training on muscle strength, postural balance, flexibility, functional autonomy, depressive symptoms and lung function in the elderly community. The investigators believe that Pilates exercises will have beneficial effects for the elderly, but the hypothesis is that the group that performs a greater volume of Pilates exercise training will have a greater improvement in the investigated outcomes than the group with the lowest volume.

Conditions

Aging; Exercise Movement Techniques

Keywords

Exercise Movement Techniques; Elderly; Muscular Strength; Postural Balance; Flexibility; Pilates

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (7)

• Change in muscle strength of lower limbs

  The Biofeedback System will be used for the practice of resistance exercises with elastic overload (E-lastic®). E-lastic® will measure maximal isometric voluntary contraction of the knee flexor and extensor muscles, flexors, extensors, adductors and hip abductors before and after the intervention. For the acquisition of force signals, a load cell is used to provide an electrical signal proportional to the force that deforms the equipment. The participants will perform 3 repetitions, maintaining the contraction for 5 seconds, with 60 seconds of recovery and the highest value will be recorded.

  12 weeks

• change in muscle strength and resistance of lower limbs

  The 30-second chair stand test (30-s CST) will be used. It consists of getting up and sitting on a chair as many times as possible within 30 seconds. A seat with backrest and without armrest (with a seat height of 45 cm) is used. Initially, participants remain seated and are instructed to look forward after command "1, 2, 3, will" they raise with their arms crossed on their chest. The evaluator will explain and demonstrate the test and the participant will do once for familiarization. You will be given a rest of 2 minutes to start the test.

  12 weeks

• Change in palmar grip strength

  Will be measured using the Saehan® hydraulic palmar gripper dynamometer, the position recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) will be adopted: sitting comfortably positioned with shoulder lightly bent, elbow bent at 90 °, forearm in neutral position and, finally, the position of the handle may vary from 0 ° to 30 ° of extension. It will be used to record the maximum and average manual grip strength of three measurements and the values will be compared with the reference values.

  12 weeks

• Change in static postural balance

  The static balance will be evaluated by measuring the time each participant can maintain in three progressively more difficult positions: semi-tandem, tandem and unipedal support. In all positions the individuals must be with their hands on their waist, the total time to stay in each position is 30 seconds and it will have 3 attempts in each position and the best time will be recorded. The evaluator will demonstrate the test once.

  12 weeks

• Change in dynamic postural balance (TUG)

  To evaluate the dynamic balance, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) will be used. The TUG starts with the participant sitting in the chair, in the "go" command, he gets up from the chair, walks 3 meters at a comfortable pace, turns around, goes back to the chair and sits down. It will be demonstrated once and then it will do a repeat for familiarization.

  12 weeks

• Change in dynamic postural balance (Step)

  To evaluate the dynamic balance, the Step Test will be used. The Alternative Step Test the participant is asked to make eight beats of foot, alternating between right and left, on a step in front of him with a height of 18 cm. Time will be timed and used in the analyzes. The test should be performed in 10 seconds.

  12 weeks

• Change in flexibility

  To evaluate the flexibility of the hamstring muscles will be used the Sit and Go Test, using the Wells bench, participants will remain without footwear, sitting with knees extended, shoulders flexed, elbows extended and hands overlapped. Participants should perform trunk flexion at the front, perform a forced expiration, and move the seat ladder as far as possible, this procedure will be performed three times and immediately noted by the evaluator, with the best.

  12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Functional Autonomy

  12 weeks

• Depressive symptoms

  12 weeks

• Change in respiratory muscle strength

  12 weeks

• Change in pulmonary function (FVC)

  12 weeks

• Change in pulmonary function (FEV1)

  12 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Pilates Method Exercises - lower volume

EXPERIMENTAL

The prescription will consist of 18 exercises, performed in a single series of seven to 10 repetitions, 60 seconds rest between exercises. Each week the exercises will be changed and the same exercise can only be repeated every three weeks. The progression will occur increasing the resistance of the springs and the level of difficulty of the exercises, but without modifying the repetitions. Training intensity will be measured using Modified Borg's Perceived Effort Scale and then kept moderate throughout the program.

Other: Pilates Method Exercises

Pilates Method Exercises - higher volume

EXPERIMENTAL

The participants will conduct a Pilates exercise program based on the recommendations of the American College Medicine of Sports. The prescription will consist of 12 exercises, performed in three sets of seven to ten repetitions and 60s of rest between sets. Every four weeks the exercises will be changed. The progression will occur increasing the resistance of the springs and the level of difficulty of the exercises. Training intensity will be measured using Modified Borg's Perceived Effort Scale and then kept moderate throughout the program.

Other: Pilates Method Exercises

Group control

NO INTERVENTION

The subjects allocated in the control group will remain with their usual activities, and after the reevaluation will be offered the intervention that presents the greater size of effect.

Interventions

Pilates Method Exercises OTHER

Pilates Method exercises performed on the apparatus, on the ground and with accessories. They will always be performed by a physiotherapist with teaching certification in the Pilates methodology and will be supervised by two properly trained physiotherapy trainees. Participants will start the exercise program in small groups of up to 8 people, twice a week for 60 minutes, for 12 weeks, totaling 24 sessions. The first day of intervention for both groups will be devoted to explaining the six principles described by Joseph Pilates: centralization, concentration, control, precision, fluidity and breathing, and some fundamentals such as the neutral position of the spine. And in all sessions, these principles will be remembered by the physiotherapist.

Pilates Method Exercises - higher volume; Pilates Method Exercises - lower volume

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 60 Years - 85 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• To present cognitive aptitude according to the Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE)
• Independent walking, without the use of auxiliary walking devices;
• Not participating in other physical intervention research;
• Not having undergone physiotherapeutic treatment and not having participated in a structured physical activity in the previous month;
• Do not present neurological diseases, history of fractures or recent surgeries and serious cardiorespiratory diseases.

You may not qualify if:

• Failure to attend all stages of evaluation;
• They did not complete 80% of the intervention;

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Brasilia: lead

Study Sites (1)

Mônica Batista Duarte Caetano

Goiânia, Goiás, 74343530, Brazil

Location

Related Publications (22)

• Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, Macera CA, Castaneda-Sceppa C; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1094-105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650. Epub 2007 Aug 1.

  PMID: 17671236 BACKGROUND

• Delmonico MJ, Harris TB, Lee JS, Visser M, Nevitt M, Kritchevsky SB, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 May;55(5):769-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01140.x.

  PMID: 17493199 BACKGROUND

• Estrada M, Kleppinger A, Judge JO, Walsh SJ, Kuchel GA. Functional impact of relative versus absolute sarcopenia in healthy older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Nov;55(11):1712-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01436.x.

  PMID: 17979895 BACKGROUND

• Sturnieks DL, St George R, Lord SR. Balance disorders in the elderly. Neurophysiol Clin. 2008 Dec;38(6):467-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

  PMID: 19026966 BACKGROUND

• Milanovic Z, Pantelic S, Trajkovic N, Sporis G, Kostic R, James N. Age-related decrease in physical activity and functional fitness among elderly men and women. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:549-56. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S44112. Epub 2013 May 21.

  PMID: 23723694 BACKGROUND

• Stathokostas L, McDonald MW, Little RM, Paterson DH. Flexibility of older adults aged 55-86 years and the influence of physical activity. J Aging Res. 2013;2013:743843. doi: 10.1155/2013/743843. Epub 2013 Jun 19.

  PMID: 23862064 BACKGROUND

• de Oliveira Francisco C, de Almeida Fagundes A, Gorges B. Effects of Pilates method in elderly people: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Jul;19(3):500-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Mar 20.

  PMID: 26118523 BACKGROUND

• Irez GB, Ozdemir RA, Evin R, Irez SG, Korkusuz F. Integrating pilates exercise into an exercise program for 65+ year-old women to reduce falls. J Sports Sci Med. 2011 Mar 1;10(1):105-11. eCollection 2011.

  PMID: 24149302 BACKGROUND

• Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev Med. 2015 Jun;75:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

  PMID: 25773473 BACKGROUND

• Siqueira Rodrigues BG, Ali Cader S, Bento Torres NV, Oliveira EM, Martin Dantas EH. Pilates method in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life of elderly females. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010 Apr;14(2):195-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.12.005. Epub 2010 Jan 29.

  PMID: 20226367 BACKGROUND

• Mallery LH, MacDonald EA, Hubley-Kozey CL, Earl ME, Rockwood K, MacKnight C. The feasibility of performing resistance exercise with acutely ill hospitalized older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2003 Oct 7;3:3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-3-3.

  PMID: 14531932 BACKGROUND

• Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Bullo V, Zanotto T, Vendramin B, Duregon F, Cugusi L, Camozzi V, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women. Age (Dordr). 2015 Dec;37(6):118. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9852-3. Epub 2015 Nov 15.

  PMID: 26578458 BACKGROUND

• Markovic G, Sarabon N, Greblo Z, Krizanic V. Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. Pilates training on balance and muscle function in older women: a randomized-controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Sep-Oct;61(2):117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 May 27.

  PMID: 26036209 BACKGROUND

• Oliveira LC, Pires-Oliveira DA, Abucarub AC, Oliveira LS, Oliveira RG. Pilates increases isokinetic muscular strength of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles of older women: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Jan;21(1):2-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

  PMID: 28167180 BACKGROUND

• Borde R, Hortobagyi T, Granacher U. Dose-Response Relationships of Resistance Training in Healthy Old Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2015 Dec;45(12):1693-720. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0385-9.

  PMID: 26420238 BACKGROUND

• Neri AL, Ongaratto LL, Yassuda MS. Mini-Mental State Examination sentence writing among community-dwelling elderly adults in Brazil: text fluency and grammar complexity. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012 Nov;24(11):1732-7. doi: 10.1017/S104161021200097X. Epub 2012 Jul 5.

  PMID: 22874587 BACKGROUND

• Barker AL, Talevski J, Bohensky MA, Brand CA, Cameron PA, Morello RT. Feasibility of Pilates exercise to decrease falls risk: a pilot randomized controlled trial in community-dwelling older people. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Oct;30(10):984-996. doi: 10.1177/0269215515606197. Epub 2015 Sep 18.

  PMID: 26385357 BACKGROUND

• Bird ML, Fell J. Positive long-term effects of Pilates exercise on the aged-related decline in balance and strength in older, community-dwelling men and women. J Aging Phys Act. 2014 Jul;22(3):342-7. doi: 10.1123/japa.2013-0006. Epub 2013 Aug 6.

  PMID: 23921206 BACKGROUND

• Oliveira LC, Oliveira RG, Pires-Oliveira DA. Comparison between static stretching and the Pilates method on the flexibility of older women. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Oct;20(4):800-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.01.008. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

  PMID: 27814860 BACKGROUND

• Lord SR, Menz HB, Tiedemann A. A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther. 2003 Mar;83(3):237-52.

  PMID: 12620088 BACKGROUND

• McCarthy EK, Horvat MA, Holtsberg PA, Wisenbaker JM. Repeated chair stands as a measure of lower limb strength in sexagenarian women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Nov;59(11):1207-12. doi: 10.1093/gerona/59.11.1207.

  PMID: 15602077 BACKGROUND

• Wells C, Kolt GS, Bialocerkowski A. Defining Pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2012 Aug;20(4):253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Mar 13.

  PMID: 22579438 BACKGROUND

Study Officials

• Mônica D Caetano

  University of Brasilia

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Postgraduate Student of the Post-graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences da University de Brasilia

Model Details: Subjects will be randomized into three groups, two intervention groups and one group will be the control. The randomization process will be done by a person who does not participate in the survey, at random.org, and concealment of the allocation will occur using opaque and sealed envelopes.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 7, 2018
• First Posted: January 2, 2019
• Study Start: March 11, 2019
• Primary Completion: October 2, 2019
• Study Completion: December 2, 2019
• Last Updated: February 5, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

BR (1)