Scaling up Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) in Rural Idaho Schools

NCT03736395 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2017-CK-BX-0021
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This project will examine the scale-up of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (SWPBIS), specifically focusing on rural schools in Idaho. The Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) is an approach designed to improve SWPBIS implementation in rural schools, via strategies such as capacity-building, regional coordination, online learning modules, and technical assistance. The study uses a cluster randomized design to allocate 40 schools to one of two conditions: control and intervention. Schools in the control condition will receive basic SWPBIS training. Schools in the intervention condition will receive the basic SWPBIS training plus additional I-RIM supports. To assess SWPBIS implementation and outcomes, process and outcome measures will be collected. Outcomes will include school implementation observations, and teacher and staff implementation measures. Student-level outcomes will include behavior, perceived climate, and academic achievement as measured by the standardized state test. Student-level data include those that are part of standard data collection by schools (such as academic outcomes) and will be de-identified by school officials before sending to the researchers for analysis.

Conditions

Problem Behavior

Keywords

Behavioral Symptoms; Disruptive Behavior; Schools; School Teachers

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Change in fidelity of school implementation of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS)

  Change in fidelity of implementation from baseline (spring 2019) to followup (spring 2022) using the Schoolwide Evaluation Tool (SET; Horner et al 2004) to gather observational data about degree of fidelity of implementation on 0-100% scale where 100% is best possible outcome.

  Change in school-level implementation score from baseline to 3-year followup

• Change over time in student disciplinary outcomes

  Percentage of students receiving Office Disciplinary Referrals each school year

  Change from baseline to following school year (Year 2); change from Year 2 to Year 3

• Change in student academic outcomes

  Percentage of students scoring "Advanced" or "Proficient" on state standardized test (Idaho Standards Achievement Test) in English Language Arts and Mathematics

  Change from baseline to following school year (Year 2); change from Year 2 to Year 3

• Change in student perceptions of school climate

  Changes in overall scores on school climate surveys. The overall scale score is created by averaging all items, resulting in scores from 1 to 4 with higher overall scores indicating better climate.

  Change from baseline to 3-year followup.

Study Arms (2)

Control

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Schools in this condition will be provided a four-day training about Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, and bi-yearly feedback about progress monitoring and action planning.

Behavioral: Control

I-RIM Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Schools in this condition will be provided the same basic training as the control condition, plus the elements of the Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM).

Behavioral: Idaho Rural Implementation Model

Interventions

Idaho Rural Implementation Model BEHAVIORAL

The Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) includes several aspects to support implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). In the first year, schools will send a staff member to a coaching institute to build internal capacity. Schools will also receive technical assistance (on-site twice per year and virtual support as needed). Schools will also receive statewide professional learning opportunities, through one group meeting per year, and through access to an invitation-only professional learning community.

I-RIM Intervention

Control BEHAVIORAL

Schools in this condition will receive a four-day training session about SWPBIS.

Control

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 5 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• School is a public school in a rural location in the state of Idaho, serving students in any combination of grades Kindergarten through grade 12.
• Staff work at a school participating in this trial.
• Student attends a school participating in this trial.

You may not qualify if:

• None.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Boise State University: lead
• U.S. Department of Justice: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Boise State University

Boise, Idaho, 83725-1700, United States

Location

Related Publications (4)

• Horner RH, Todd AW, Lewis-Palmer T, Irvin LK, Sugai G, Boland JB. The School-Wide Evaluation Tool: A research instrument for assessing school-wide positive behavior support. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 6(1):3-12, 2004.

  BACKGROUND

• Calvert HG, Fleming CM, Lowe M, Lewis T, Siebert CF, Havlicak A, Anderson N, Castleton T, Turner L. Training and Technical Assistance Increase the Fidelity of Implementation of a Universal Prevention Initiative in Rural Schools: Results from a 3-Year Cluster-Randomized Trial. Prev Sci. 2025 Jan;26(1):56-68. doi: 10.1007/s11121-025-01776-0. Epub 2025 Feb 3.

  PMID: 39899222 DERIVED

• Fleming CM, Calvert HG, Turner L. Supporting implementation of universal prevention initiatives in K-12 schools: impacts on fidelity through organizational readiness and team functioning in a cluster-randomized trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2025 Jan 6;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00691-9.

  PMID: 39763002 DERIVED

• Calvert HG, McQuilkin M, Havlicak A, Lewis T, Turner L. Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of Rural School Support Strategies for behavioral interventions: a mixed methods evaluation over two years of a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2023 Aug 11;4(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s43058-023-00478-4.

  PMID: 37568206 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Problem Behavior; Behavioral Symptoms

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Child Behavior

Study Officials

• Lindsey Turner, PhD

  Boise State University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: All data collectors will be masked.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Research Professor

Model Details: A portion of participating schools will receive the Idaho Rural Implementation Model (I-RIM) intervention, designed to support implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). All other participating schools will only receive basic training session about SWPBIS. The process to determine which schools receive the intervention is random. Intervention is at the school level. Outcomes are at the school level, staff level, and student level (anonymous).

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 6, 2018
• First Posted: November 9, 2018
• Study Start: January 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: August 31, 2023
• Study Completion: August 31, 2023
• Last Updated: October 26, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)