Comparison of Pulse Chips and Commercial Snacks on Food Intake, Appetite and Blood Glucose in Healthy Young Adults

NCT03297931 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: SPG_Snack Study
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 26
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Consumers are often forced to eat fast, convenient foods and snacks ("eat on the go") in order to match the pace of their lifestyles. However, these snack options more often than not offer little health benefit to the consumer. In fact, 55% of calories consumed by Canadians are ultra processed foods, which are limited in their nutrient profile and only offer empty calories. Subsequently, these foods lead the consumer to eat more and provides little to no feelings of satiety or satiation. the proposed objectives of the current project are to examine the physiological benefit(s) of consuming readily available pulse snacks and compare them to other commonly consumed snack varieties. This work aims to incentivize consumers to seek out pulses as valuable snacking options and highlight the benefit of including these as alternatives to other energy-dense snacks that lack the nutritional composition of pulses.

Conditions

Obesity; Diabetes

Keywords

Pulse; Snack; Post-prandial glycemia; Appetite; Food intake; Young adults; Satiety

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Change in blood glucose levels

  Each participant will attend 6 sessions in total (randomized 6-arm cross-over design)

  Starting at the beginning of each session (0 minutes, before consumption of treatment) and every 15 - 30 minutes up to 190 minutes (time of completion of each session)

• Subjective appetite

  Measured using Visual Analog Scales (VAS)

  Measured every 15-30 minutes up to 190 minutes

• Food intake

  Food intake is measured by the amount of pizza (in grams) consumed during the 20 minute period (pizza is served ad libitum)

  65 minutes after completion of treatment, 20 minutes is allocated to allow for pizza consumption

Study Arms (6)

Commercial corn chips + Onion dip

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Corn chips + onion dip

Dietary Supplement: Corn Chips + Onion Dip

Commercial pulse chip + pulse spread

EXPERIMENTAL

Pinto bean chip + hummus

Dietary Supplement: Pinto bean chip + hummus

Novel pulse chip + pulse spread

EXPERIMENTAL

Yellow pea chip + hummus

Dietary Supplement: Yellow pea chip + hummus

Commercial pulse chip + non-pulse spread

EXPERIMENTAL

Pinto bean chip + onion dip

Dietary Supplement: Pinto bean chip + onion dip

Novel pulse chip + non-pulse spread

EXPERIMENTAL

Yellow pea chip + onion dip

Dietary Supplement: Yellow pea chip + onion dip

Non-pulse chip + pulse spread

EXPERIMENTAL

Corn chips + hummus

Dietary Supplement: Corn chips + hummus

Interventions

Corn Chips + Onion Dip DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Non-pulse chip + non-pulse dip

Commercial corn chips + Onion dip

Yellow pea chip + hummus DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Novel pulse chip + pulse spread

Novel pulse chip + pulse spread

Pinto bean chip + hummus DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Commercial pulse chip + pulse spread

Commercial pulse chip + pulse spread

Pinto bean chip + onion dip DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Commercial pulse chip + non-pulse spread

Commercial pulse chip + non-pulse spread

Yellow pea chip + onion dip DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Novel pulse chip + non-pulse spread

Novel pulse chip + non-pulse spread

Corn chips + hummus DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Non-pulse chip + pulse spread

Non-pulse chip + pulse spread

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Age: ≥18 and ≤45 years
• BMI: ≥ 18.5 and ≤ 29.9 kg/m2
• Fasting serum glucose: ≤ 5.6 mmol/L
• Willing to maintain habitual diet, physical activity pattern, and body weight throughout the trial.
• Willing to maintain current dietary supplement use throughout the trial. On test days, subject agrees not to take any dietary supplements until dismissal from the Department of Nutritional Sciences. Failure to comply will result in a rescheduled test visit.
• Willing to abstain from alcohol consumption for 24 h prior to all test visits.
• Willing to avoid vigorous physical activity for 24 h prior to all test visits.
• Understanding the study procedures and willing to provide informed consent to participate in the study and authorization to release relevant protected health information to the study investigator.

You may not qualify if:

• Fasting blood glucose \> 5.6 mmol/L
• Smoking
• Thyroid problems
• Previous history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver or kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, short bowel syndrome, any malabsorptive syndrome, pancreatitis, gallbladder or biliary disease.
• Presence of gastrointestinal disorder or surgeries within the past year.
• Consuming prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplements known to affect blood glucose or that could affect the outcome of the study as per investigator's judgement.
• Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery at any point.
• Known to be pregnant or lactating.
• Unwillingness or inability to comply with the experimental procedures
• Known intolerance, sensitivity or allergy to pulses or dairy.
• Extreme dietary habits (ie. Atkins diet, very high protein diets, etc.).
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg) as defined by the average blood pressure measured at screening.
• Weight gain or loss of at least 10 lbs in previous three months.
• Excessive alcohol intake (more than 2 drinks per day or more than 9 drinks per week)
• Restrained Eaters

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Toronto: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases

Study Officials

• Harvey G Anderson, PhD

  University of Toronto

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 25, 2017
• First Posted: September 29, 2017
• Study Start: July 19, 2017
• Primary Completion: December 31, 2023
• Study Completion: May 31, 2024
• Last Updated: March 28, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)