NCT03201302

Brief Summary

Bone mass develops throughout childhood and adolescence until a peak bone mass is achieved during early adulthood. Fracture risk later in life can be predicted at a large extent by peak bone mass. Occurence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis (i.e. loss of mone mass) during late adulthood has been strongly associated with the degree of bone mineralization during early life. Nearly 50% of total bone mineral content (BMC) reached during adulthood is obtained during pre-adolescence rendering this period critical for skeletal health and is considered as an optimal period for bone/skeletal growth since during this time bones are more adaptable to osteogenic stimuli such as exercise-induced mechanical loading. Organized sport activities and/or nutrition appear to affect profoundly bone mineral density (BMD), BMC, bone geometry, and overall skeletal health during preadolescence offering an effective type of prevention of osteoporosis, a condition very difficult to treat later in life. Evidence suggest that some modes of exercise activities may be more effective (osteogenic) for bone development due to the magnitude and type of mechanical strain placed on long bones causing them to be more dense. Weight-bearing activities (e.g. running, jumping etc.) are believed to be more osteogenic than non-weight bearing activities. However, more research is required in order to determine: i) whether weight-bearing activities are more osteogenic than non weight -bearing activities during childhood and ii) the osteogenic potential of a large number of sport activities used by school-children as compared to a control treatment of no participation in organized sport activities. The present trial attempted to compare a large number of different sport activities in respect to their osteogenic potential based on training variables that are thought to affect osteogenesis while at the same time allows direct comparison of exercise modes that are entirely different. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to determine the osteogenic potential of a large number of exercise training activities in boys and girls of 8-12 years of age during an entire primary school season.

Trial Health

43
At Risk

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Trial has exceeded expected completion date
Enrollment
335

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Apr 2013

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
unknown

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 1, 2013

Completed
1.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 1, 2014

Completed
2.6 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

January 2, 2017

Completed
6 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

June 28, 2017

Completed
5 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2017

Completed
Last Updated

June 28, 2017

Status Verified

June 1, 2017

Enrollment Period

1.2 years

First QC Date

January 2, 2017

Last Update Submit

June 27, 2017

Conditions

Keywords

bonechildhoodpre-adolescencebone turnover markerssclerostinsportsphysical activitynutrition

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (23)

  • Changes in bone mineral content

    Using a whole body, hip (left and right), lumbar spine, and wrist (left and right) scans performed by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner.

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in bone density

    Using a whole body, hip (left and right), lumbar spine, and wrist (left and right) scans performed by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner.

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in area of different regions and sub-regions

    Using a whole body, hip (left and right), lumbar spine, and wrist (left and right) scans performed by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner.

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in bone resorption

    By measuring blood levels of sclerostin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (if budget allows), serum procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP, if budget allows) and isomer of the Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1, if budget allows).

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in cardiorespiratory performance

    Using a shuttle run test

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in muscle power performance of the lower limbs

    Using long jump test, standing long jump test, countermovement jump test and the Abalakov jump.

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in flexibility performance

    Using the sit and reach test

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in muscle strength

    Using handgrip dynamometry (left and right arm)

    At baseline and immediately after the completion of training.

  • Changes in motor performance

    Using a standard motor ability test battery

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in stature (cm)

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in seated height (cm)

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in body mass (kg)

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in body mass index (BMI)

    Calculated as body mass (kg) divided by the height (m) squared.

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in arm span

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in tibia length

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in biacromial length

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in chest width

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in waist circumference

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in hip circumference

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in forearm length

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in hand length

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in body fat mass

    Body composition was measured using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner (DEXA). DEXA instrumentation allowed the measurement of regional (legs, arms, trunk) weight, body fat (%), and fat mass (kg).

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in lean body mass

    Body composition was measured using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner (DEXA). DEXA instrumentation allowed the measurement of regional (legs, arms) weight, lean mass (kg).

    At baseline and 9 months.

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Changes in sexual maturation

    At baseline and 9 months.

  • Changes in diet intake

    At baseline, after 4,5 months of training and after 9 months of training.

  • Changes in habitual physical activity

    At baseline, after 4,5 months of training and after 9 months of training.

  • Changes in training intensity

    At baseline, after 4,5 months of training and after 9 months of training.

  • Changes in training volume

    At baseline, after 4,5 months of training and after 9 months of training.

Study Arms (16)

School physical education class

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated only in their school physical activity classes only for the entire school year.

Other: School physical education class

Taekwondo

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized Taekwondo training for the entire school year.

Other: Taekwondo

Martial arts

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized Martial arts training for the entire school year.

Other: Martial arts

Climbing

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized climbing training for the entire school year.

Other: Climbing

Volleyball

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized volleyball training for the entire school year.

Other: Volleyball

Artistic gymnastics

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized artistic gymnastics training for the entire school year.

Other: Artistic gymnastics

Swimming

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized swimming training for the entire school year.

Other: Swimming

Dance

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized dance training for the entire school year.

Other: Dance

Basketball

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized basketball training for the entire school year.

Other: Basketball

Wrestling

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized wrestling training for the entire school year.

Other: Wrestling

Football (soccer)

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized football (soccer) training for the entire school year.

Other: Football (soccer)

Rhythmic gymnastics

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized rhythmic gymnastics training for the entire school year.

Other: Rhythmic gymnastics

Track and field

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized track and field training for the entire school year.

Other: Track and field

Tennis

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in organized tennis training for the entire school year.

Other: Tennis

Combination of activities 1

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in two different weight-bearing activities for the entire school year.

Other: Combination of activities 1

Combination of activities 2

EXPERIMENTAL

Children who participated in one weight-bearing and in one non weight-bearing activity for the entire school year.

Other: Combination of activities 2

Interventions

Children participated only in school physical education classes only.

School physical education class

Children participated only in taekwondo training only.

Taekwondo

Children participated only in martial arts training only.

Martial arts

Children participated only in climbing training only.

Climbing

Children participated only in volleyball training only.

Volleyball

Children participated only in artistic gymnastics training only.

Artistic gymnastics

Children participated only in swimming training only.

Swimming
DanceOTHER

Children participated only in dance training only.

Dance

Children participated only in basketball training only.

Basketball

Children participated only in wrestling training only.

Wrestling

Children participated only in football (soccer) training only.

Football (soccer)

Children participated only in rhythmic gymnastics training only.

Rhythmic gymnastics

Children participated only in track and field training only.

Track and field
TennisOTHER

Children participated only in tennis training only.

Tennis

Children participated in two weight-bearing activities.

Combination of activities 1

Children participated in one weight-bearing activity and in one non weight-bearing activity.

Combination of activities 2

Eligibility Criteria

Age8 Years - 12 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • were 8-12 years and pre-pubertal
  • were healthy and had no prior bone fractures or related surgical operation
  • had not been involved in organized sport activities previously
  • their body fat was \<30%, e) had no history of growth irregularities
  • were not receiving agents or drugs that affect bone tissue (e.g. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonists, antiresorptive, bisphosphonates, etc.)

You may not qualify if:

  • had prior bone fractures or related surgical operation
  • had been involved in organized sport activities previously
  • their body fat was \>30%
  • had history of growth irregularities
  • were receiving agents or drugs that affect bone tissue (e.g. GnRH agonists, antiresorptive, bisphosphonates, etc.)
  • missed more than 10% of training sessions

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Laboratory of Physical Education and Sports, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Physical Education & Sports Sciences

Komotini, 69100, Greece

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

SclerosteosisMotor Activity

Interventions

Stair ClimbingSwimming

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

WalkingLocomotionMovementMusculoskeletal Physiological PhenomenaMusculoskeletal and Neural Physiological PhenomenaExerciseMotor Activity

Study Officials

  • Antonis Kambas

    Democritus University of Thrace

    STUDY DIRECTOR
  • Diamanda Leontsini

    Democritus University of Thrace

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

January 2, 2017

First Posted

June 28, 2017

Study Start

April 1, 2013

Primary Completion

June 1, 2014

Study Completion

December 1, 2017

Last Updated

June 28, 2017

Record last verified: 2017-06

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations