NCT03115359

Brief Summary

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) has no known effective treatment. While often treated with long-term opioid therapy, opioids do not work well for many patients and can cause serious side effects, including addiction, poorer mental health, and overdose death. Even when paired with a standard-of-care cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), results are limited. Patients, families and clinicians are very interested in using alternative treatments for CLBP, especially complementary and integrative treatments such as mindfulness meditation (MM). MM helps train the mind to bring non-judgmental and accepting attention to present-moment experiences such as pain. MM offers an active and safe self-care approach to chronic pain that contrasts with the passive and potentially harmful nature of opioid treatment, and may prove more effective than CBT in helping improve health and well-being, and reduce reliance on opioids in adults with opioid-treated CLBP. Although this hypothesis is supported by early research, including a pilot study by the Principal Investigator, evidence on MM's effectiveness in this population is inconclusive, presenting a critical knowledge gap. With input from patients, family members, and clinicians, the Investigators have designed a study to address this gap and propose a clinical trial that will compare the effectiveness of MM to standard-of-care CBT in opioid-treated CLBP. Based on the existing research, it is hypothesized that MM training will lead to a larger reduction in pain intensity, increase in physical function, improvement in quality of life, and decrease in daily opioid dose, as compared to CBT training, with benefits of MM especially notable in adults with worse mood, anxiety or unhealthy opioid-use behaviors who often experience more severe symptoms of CLBP and less improvement in response to existing therapies. To test these hypotheses, 766 adults with opioid-treated CLBP will be randomly assigned into one of two 8-week treatment groups: MM (383 participants) that will receive the MM training or CBT (383 participants) that will receive the CBT training. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, the study protocol was modified in October 2020 so that the study can be completed virtually. The effectiveness of MM versus CBT will be assessed over a 12-month period with patient-reported measures, recommended by experts and endorsed by our stakeholder partners, including patients with opioid-treated CLBP, their families and clinicians.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
770

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Jun 2017

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

4 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 11, 2017

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 14, 2017

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

June 30, 2017

Completed
5.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

January 15, 2023

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

January 15, 2023

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

September 19, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

September 19, 2024

Status Verified

April 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

5.5 years

First QC Date

April 11, 2017

Results QC Date

October 9, 2023

Last Update Submit

April 29, 2024

Conditions

Keywords

Chronic Low Back PainOpioid TherapyChronic PainMindfulness MeditationCognitive Behavioral TherapyOpioid-treated Chronic Low Back PainCLBP

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

  • Composite Pain Severity

    Averaged 4 pain severity items from the Brief Pain Inventory (0-10 scale; higher indicates higher level of pain)

    6 months post-entry

  • Composite Pain Severity

    Averaged 4 pain severity items from the Brief Pain Inventory (0-10 scale; higher indicates higher level of pain)

    12 months post-entry

  • Physical Function

    10-item Oswestry Disability Index (0-100 scale; higher score indicates higher level of back pain-related functional limitation)

    6 months post-entry

  • Physical Function

    10-item Oswestry Disability Index (0-100 scale; higher score indicates higher level of back pain-related functional limitation)

    12 months post-entry

  • Average Pain Severity

    1 'average' pain severity item from the Brief Pain Inventory (0-10 scale; higher score indicates higher level of pain)

    6 months post-entry

  • Average Pain Severity

    1 'average' pain severity item from the Brief Pain Inventory (0-10 scale; higher score indicates higher level of pain)

    12 months post-entry

Secondary Outcomes (6)

  • Health-Related Quality of Life (Physical Health)

    6 months post-entry

  • Health-Related Quality of Life (Physical Health)

    12 months post-entry

  • Health-Related Quality of Life (Mental Health)

    6 months post-entry

  • Health-Related Quality of Life (Mental Health)

    12 months post-entry

  • Average Daily Opioid Dose

    6 months post-entry

  • +1 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Mindfulness Based Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness Based Therapy intervention, adjunctive to usual care for opioid-treated chronic low back pain.

Behavioral: Mindfulness Based Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention, adjunctive to usual care for opioid-treated chronic low back pain.

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Interventions

The Mindfulness Based Therapy intervention will teach participants the mindfulness meditation-based strategies, tailored to the needs of those with opioid-treated chronic lower back pain. It consists of eight weekly 2-hour group sessions guided by trained therapists. In addition to session attendance, participants are asked to practice at home at least 6 days/week, 30 minutes/day during the study. In addition to the intervention, the participants will receive usual care for opioid-treated CLBP through their regular clinicians, per their recommendations.

Also known as: Meditation, Mindfulness Meditation, Mindfulness
Mindfulness Based Therapy

The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention will teach participants the CBT-based strategies, tailored to the needs of those with opioid-treated chronic lower back pain. It consists of eight weekly 2-hour group sessions guided by trained therapists. In addition to session attendance, participants are asked to practice at home at least 6 days/week, 30 minutes/day during the study. In addition to the intervention, the participants will receive usual care for opioid-treated CLBP through their regular clinicians, per their recommendations.

Also known as: CBT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (4)

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States

Location

Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States

Location

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States

Location

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, United States

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Zgierska AE, Edwards RR, Barrett B, Burzinski CA, Jamison RN, Nakamura Y, Henningfield MF, Tuan WJ, Shen C, Sehgal N, Lennon RP, Dong H, Chinchilli VM, Liu Y, Turnquist A, Schiefelbein AR, Jacobs EA, Veasley C, Cowan P, Garland EL. Mindfulness vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain Treated With Opioids: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e253204. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.3204.

  • Zgierska AE, Burzinski CA, Garland EL, Lennon RP, Jamison R, Nakamura Y, Barrett B, Sehgal N, Mirgain SA, Singles JM, Cowan P, Woods D, Edwards RR. Mindfulness-based therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for opioid-treated chronic low back pain: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Nov;110:106548. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106548. Epub 2021 Sep 1.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Chronic Pain

Interventions

MeditationMindfulnessCognitive Behavioral Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

PainNeurologic ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mind-Body TherapiesComplementary TherapiesTherapeuticsSpiritual TherapiesRelaxation TherapyBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Results Point of Contact

Title
Aleksandra E. Zgierska, MD, PhD
Organization
Pennsylvania State University

Study Officials

  • Aleksandra E Zgierska, MD PhD

    Penn State University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Bruce P Barrett, MD PhD

    University of Wisconsin, Madison

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
INVESTIGATOR
Masking Details
Although participants, therapists and outcome assessors cannot be blinded to the study intervention, investigators and analysts will be blinded to the group status until the first stages of analysis and reporting are completed.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial of two behavioral interventions
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 11, 2017

First Posted

April 14, 2017

Study Start

June 30, 2017

Primary Completion

January 15, 2023

Study Completion

January 15, 2023

Last Updated

September 19, 2024

Results First Posted

September 19, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Data dictionaries, programming codes, qualitative codebooks, and other study materials will be provided to the funding agency, Patient-Centered Research Outcomes Institute (PCORI) after the study completion in order to promote replication of the research process. A final, clean dataset will be available for data sharing after the project and analysis completion. PCORI may share these materials and data upon request, after consultation with the PI.

Locations