Characterization of Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis and Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Cardiac MRI in Heart Failure

NCT03084679 | Unknown DMC

• 2 other identifiers: HF-CMR-53967215800005404FAPESP 2015/15402-2
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 90
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The investigators hypothesised that novel MRI metrics derived from myocardium post-gadolinium T1 mapping analysis will improve the current knowledge about the role interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the development of left ventricular (LV) remodelling and clinical Heart Failure (HF). The investigators believe that these recently described variables will be associated with prognostically important indices in HF development.

Conditions

Heart Failure

Keywords

Heart Failure; Hypertrophy; Fibrosis; Magnetic Resonance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Myocardial remodeling assessed by CMR in rehabilitation vs usual care.

  Investigate whether rehabilitation compared to usual care is associated with significant favorable myocardial remodeling assessed by CMR determination of ECV.

  4 months

Secondary Outcomes (17)

• Change in left ventricular ejection fraction

  4 months

• Change in right ventricular ejection fraction

  4 months

• Change in left ventricular mass (absolute/index)

  4 months

• Change in left ventricular diastolic volume (absolute/index)

  4 months

• Change in right ventricular diastolic volume (absolute/index)

  4 months

Study Arms (4)

Conventional Clinical Care - HFpEF

NO INTERVENTION

Heart Failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) randomized to this arm will keep receiving their conventional clinical care, being instructed to continue and maintain their usual daily activities.

Supervised Exercise Training- HFpEF

OTHER

Heart Failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) randomized to this arm will keep receiving their conventional clinical care and participate in a supervised, facility based training program consisting of stretching exercises and aerobic exercise in treadmill.

Other: Aerobic exercise in treadmill; Other: Local strengthening exercises; Other: Stretching exercises

Conventional Clinical Care - HFrEF

NO INTERVENTION

Heart Failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) randomized to this arm will keep receiving their conventional clinical care, being instructed to continue and maintain their usual daily activities.

Supervised Exercise Training - HFrEF

OTHER

Heart Failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) randomized to this arm will keep receiving their conventional clinical care and participate in a supervised, facility based training program consisting of stretching exercises and aerobic exercise in treadmill.

Other: Aerobic exercise in treadmill; Other: Local strengthening exercises; Other: Stretching exercises

Interventions

Aerobic exercise in treadmill OTHER

30-40min of aerobic exercise in treadmill. The aerobic intensity will be established by heart rate levels that corresponded to anaerobic threshold up to 10% below the respiratory compensation point obtained in the cardiopulmonary exercise test. This intensity corresponded to 60-72% peak V̇o2. During the exercise sessions, when a training effect will be observed, as indicated by a decrease by 8 to 10% in heart rate, the treadmill velocity or inclination will be increased to return to the target heart rate levels.

Supervised Exercise Training - HFrEF; Supervised Exercise Training- HFpEF

Local strengthening exercises OTHER

15 min of local strengthening exercises will be performed in major muscle groups (legs, arms and trunk muscles): three series of each exercise, 12-15 repetitions.

Supervised Exercise Training - HFrEF; Supervised Exercise Training- HFpEF

Stretching exercises OTHER

5-min stretching exercises will be performed in major muscle groups (legs, arms and trunk muscles)

Supervised Exercise Training - HFrEF; Supervised Exercise Training- HFpEF

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Age\> 18 years
• Functional limitation (New York Heart Association Class II or worse)
• No contraindication to exercise (American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association criteria)
• Eligibility to take MRI (absence of metallic devices, and glomerular filtration rate \> 40ml / min / 1.73m2, etc.)
• Prior diagnosis of Heart Failure (by the Framingham criterion)
• Therapy with diuretic and euvolemia state (evaluated by cardiologist and cardiopulmonary exercise testing)
• Transthoracic echocardiogram

You may not qualify if:

• Severe ischemia in any stress test
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or any infiltrative heart disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , pulmonary hypertension (Pulmonary artery pressure\> 60mmHg)
• Severe left or right valve disease.
• Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator
• Myocardial infarction or revascularization in 3 months
• Anemia (hemoglobin \<10 grams / dl) until 1 month before cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Campinas, Brazil: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of Campinas

Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

RECRUITING

Related Publications (44)

• Dorn GW 2nd, Robbins J, Sugden PH. Phenotyping hypertrophy: eschew obfuscation. Circ Res. 2003 Jun 13;92(11):1171-5. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000077012.11088.BC. No abstract available.

  PMID: 12805233 BACKGROUND

• Boluyt MO, O'Neill L, Meredith AL, Bing OH, Brooks WW, Conrad CH, Crow MT, Lakatta EG. Alterations in cardiac gene expression during the transition from stable hypertrophy to heart failure. Marked upregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix components. Circ Res. 1994 Jul;75(1):23-32. doi: 10.1161/01.res.75.1.23.

  PMID: 8013079 BACKGROUND

• Lorell BH, Carabello BA. Left ventricular hypertrophy: pathogenesis, detection, and prognosis. Circulation. 2000 Jul 25;102(4):470-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.4.470. No abstract available.

  PMID: 10908222 BACKGROUND

• Scimia MC, Hurtado C, Ray S, Metzler S, Wei K, Wang J, Woods CE, Purcell NH, Catalucci D, Akasaka T, Bueno OF, Vlasuk GP, Kaliman P, Bodmer R, Smith LH, Ashley E, Mercola M, Brown JH, Ruiz-Lozano P. APJ acts as a dual receptor in cardiac hypertrophy. Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):394-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11263.

  PMID: 22810587 BACKGROUND

• Gunja-Smith Z, Morales AR, Romanelli R, Woessner JF Jr. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline cross-links. Am J Pathol. 1996 May;148(5):1639-48.

  PMID: 8623931 BACKGROUND

• Hughes SE. Detection of apoptosis using in situ markers for DNA strand breaks in the failing human heart. Fact or epiphenomenon? J Pathol. 2003 Oct;201(2):181-6. doi: 10.1002/path.1447.

  PMID: 14517834 BACKGROUND

• Kostin S, Hein S, Arnon E, Scholz D, Schaper J. The cytoskeleton and related proteins in the human failing heart. Heart Fail Rev. 2000 Oct;5(3):271-80. doi: 10.1023/A:1009813621103.

  PMID: 16228910 BACKGROUND

• Narula J, Haider N, Virmani R, DiSalvo TG, Kolodgie FD, Hajjar RJ, Schmidt U, Semigran MJ, Dec GW, Khaw BA. Apoptosis in myocytes in end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1182-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199610173351603.

  PMID: 8815940 BACKGROUND

• Olivetti G, Abbi R, Quaini F, Kajstura J, Cheng W, Nitahara JA, Quaini E, Di Loreto C, Beltrami CA, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Anversa P. Apoptosis in the failing human heart. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1131-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704173361603.

  PMID: 9099657 BACKGROUND

• Unverferth DV, Fetters JK, Unverferth BJ, Leier CV, Magorien RD, Arn AR, Baker PB. Human myocardial histologic characteristics in congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1983 Dec;68(6):1194-200. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.68.6.1194.

  PMID: 6640872 BACKGROUND

• Zorc M, Vraspir-Porenta O, Zorc-Pleskovic R, Radovanovic N, Petrovic D. Apoptosis of myocytes and proliferation markers as prognostic factors in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2003 Jan-Feb;12(1):36-9. doi: 10.1016/s1054-8807(02)00134-5.

  PMID: 12598016 BACKGROUND

• Yamada Y, Saito S, Nishinaka T, Yamazaki K. Myocardial size and fibrosis changes during left ventricular assist device support. ASAIO J. 2012 Jul-Aug;58(4):402-6. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0b013e31825b9826.

  PMID: 22739784 BACKGROUND

• Bruckner BA, Razeghi P, Stetson S, Thompson L, Lafuente J, Entman M, Loebe M, Noon G, Taegtmeyer H, Frazier OH, Youker K. Degree of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy at time of implantation predicts myocardial improvement during left ventricular assist device support. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Jan;23(1):36-42. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(03)00103-7.

  PMID: 14734125 BACKGROUND

• Aoki T, Fukumoto Y, Sugimura K, Oikawa M, Satoh K, Nakano M, Nakayama M, Shimokawa H. Prognostic impact of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in non-ischemic heart failure. -Comparison between preserved and reduced ejection fraction heart failure.-. Circ J. 2011;75(11):2605-13. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0568. Epub 2011 Aug 6.

  PMID: 21821961 BACKGROUND

• Aronow BJ, Toyokawa T, Canning A, Haghighi K, Delling U, Kranias E, Molkentin JD, Dorn GW 2nd. Divergent transcriptional responses to independent genetic causes of cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol Genomics. 2001 Jun 6;6(1):19-28. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.2001.6.1.19.

  PMID: 11395543 BACKGROUND

• D'Angelo DD, Sakata Y, Lorenz JN, Boivin GP, Walsh RA, Liggett SB, Dorn GW 2nd. Transgenic Galphaq overexpression induces cardiac contractile failure in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 22;94(15):8121-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.15.8121.

  PMID: 9223325 BACKGROUND

• Molkentin JD, Lu JR, Antos CL, Markham B, Richardson J, Robbins J, Grant SR, Olson EN. A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy. Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):215-28. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81573-1.

  PMID: 9568714 BACKGROUND

• Iemitsu M, Miyauchi T, Maeda S, Sakai S, Kobayashi T, Fujii N, Miyazaki H, Matsuda M, Yamaguchi I. Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy induce different molecular phenotypes in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):R2029-36. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R2029.

  PMID: 11705790 BACKGROUND

• Kong SW, Bodyak N, Yue P, Liu Z, Brown J, Izumo S, Kang PM. Genetic expression profiles during physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in rats. Physiol Genomics. 2005 Mar 21;21(1):34-42. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00226.2004. Epub 2004 Dec 28.

  PMID: 15623566 BACKGROUND

• Strom CC, Aplin M, Ploug T, Christoffersen TE, Langfort J, Viese M, Galbo H, Haunso S, Sheikh SP. Expression profiling reveals differences in metabolic gene expression between exercise-induced cardiac effects and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy. FEBS J. 2005 Jun;272(11):2684-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04684.x.

  PMID: 15943803 BACKGROUND

• Mujumdar VS, Tyagi SC. Temporal regulation of extracellular matrix components in transition from compensatory hypertrophy to decompensatory heart failure. J Hypertens. 1999 Feb;17(2):261-70. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199917020-00011.

  PMID: 10067796 BACKGROUND

• Querejeta R, Lopez B, Gonzalez A, Sanchez E, Larman M, Martinez Ubago JL, Diez J. Increased collagen type I synthesis in patients with heart failure of hypertensive origin: relation to myocardial fibrosis. Circulation. 2004 Sep 7;110(10):1263-8. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000140973.60992.9A. Epub 2004 Aug 16.

  PMID: 15313958 BACKGROUND

• van Heerebeek L, Borbely A, Niessen HW, Bronzwaer JG, van der Velden J, Stienen GJ, Linke WA, Laarman GJ, Paulus WJ. Myocardial structure and function differ in systolic and diastolic heart failure. Circulation. 2006 Apr 25;113(16):1966-73. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.587519. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

  PMID: 16618817 BACKGROUND

• Shah RV, Abbasi SA, Neilan TG, Hulten E, Coelho-Filho O, Hoppin A, Levitsky L, de Ferranti S, Rhodes ET, Traum A, Goodman E, Feng H, Heydari B, Harris WS, Hoefner DM, McConnell JP, Seethamraju R, Rickers C, Kwong RY, Jerosch-Herold M. Myocardial tissue remodeling in adolescent obesity. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013 Aug 20;2(4):e000279. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000279.

  PMID: 23963758 BACKGROUND

• Kida K, Yoneyama K, Kobayashi Y, Takano M, Akashi YJ, Miyake F. Response to the letter regarding the article, "late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance images predicts reverse remodeling in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy treated with carvedilol". Int J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 9;168(4):4351. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.073. Epub 2013 May 29. No abstract available.

  PMID: 23725816 BACKGROUND

• Redfield MM, Borlaug BA, Lewis GD, Mohammed SF, Semigran MJ, Lewinter MM, Deswal A, Hernandez AF, Lee KL, Braunwald E; Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. PhosphdiesteRasE-5 Inhibition to Improve CLinical Status and EXercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure (RELAX) trial: rationale and design. Circ Heart Fail. 2012 Sep 1;5(5):653-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.969071.

  PMID: 22991405 BACKGROUND

• Edelmann F, Wachter R, Schmidt AG, Kraigher-Krainer E, Colantonio C, Kamke W, Duvinage A, Stahrenberg R, Durstewitz K, Loffler M, Dungen HD, Tschope C, Herrmann-Lingen C, Halle M, Hasenfuss G, Gelbrich G, Pieske B; Aldo-DHF Investigators. Effect of spironolactone on diastolic function and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the Aldo-DHF randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013 Feb 27;309(8):781-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.905.

  PMID: 23443441 BACKGROUND

• Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, Clausell N, Desai AS, Diaz R, Fleg JL, Gordeev I, Harty B, Heitner JF, Kenwood CT, Lewis EF, O'Meara E, Probstfield JL, Shaburishvili T, Shah SJ, Solomon SD, Sweitzer NK, Yang S, McKinlay SM; TOPCAT Investigators. Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10;370(15):1383-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313731.

  PMID: 24716680 BACKGROUND

• Pfeffer MA, Pitt B, McKinlay SM. Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10;371(2):181-2. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1405715. No abstract available.

  PMID: 25006726 BACKGROUND

• Mathew J, Sleight P, Lonn E, Johnstone D, Pogue J, Yi Q, Bosch J, Sussex B, Probstfield J, Yusuf S; Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Investigators. Reduction of cardiovascular risk by regression of electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. Circulation. 2001 Oct 2;104(14):1615-21. doi: 10.1161/hc3901.096700.

  PMID: 11581138 BACKGROUND

• Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Rokkedal J, Harris K, Aurup P, Dahlof B. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA. 2004 Nov 17;292(19):2350-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2350.

  PMID: 15547162 BACKGROUND

• Coelho-Filho OR, Mitchell RN, Moreno H, Kwong RY and Jerosch-Herold M. MRI based non-invasive detection of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell-volume changes. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:O10.

  BACKGROUND

• Coelho-Filho OR, Shah RV, Neilan TG, Mitchell R, Moreno H Jr, Kwong R, Jerosch-Herold M. Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of interstitial myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in hypertensive mice treated with spironolactone. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Jun 25;3(3):e000790. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.000790.

  PMID: 24965024 BACKGROUND

• Dorn GW 2nd. The fuzzy logic of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension. 2007 May;49(5):962-70. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.079426. Epub 2007 Mar 26. No abstract available.

  PMID: 17389260 BACKGROUND

• Rosen BD, Edvardsen T, Lai S, Castillo E, Pan L, Jerosch-Herold M, Sinha S, Kronmal R, Arnett D, Crouse JR 3rd, Heckbert SR, Bluemke DA, Lima JA. Left ventricular concentric remodeling is associated with decreased global and regional systolic function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2005 Aug 16;112(7):984-91. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA104.500488.

  PMID: 16103253 BACKGROUND

• Somsen GA, Verberne HJ, Fleury E, Righetti A. Normal values and within-subject variability of cardiac I-123 MIBG scintigraphy in healthy individuals: implications for clinical studies. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004 Mar-Apr;11(2):126-33. doi: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2003.10.010.

  PMID: 15052243 BACKGROUND

• Kasama S, Toyama T, Hatori T, Sumino H, Kumakura H, Takayama Y, Ichikawa S, Suzuki T, Kurabayashi M. Evaluation of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodelling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy on the treatment containing carvedilol. Eur Heart J. 2007 Apr;28(8):989-95. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm048. Epub 2007 Apr 4.

  PMID: 17409109 BACKGROUND

• Henneman MM, Bax JJ, van der Wall EE. Monitoring of therapeutic effect in heart failure patients: a clinical application of 123I MIBG imaging? Eur Heart J. 2007 Apr;28(8):922-3. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl325. Epub 2007 Apr 4. No abstract available.

  PMID: 17409108 BACKGROUND

• Nakata T, Miyamoto K, Doi A, Sasao H, Wakabayashi T, Kobayashi H, Tsuchihashi K, Shimamoto K. Cardiac death prediction and impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation assessed by MIBG in patients with failing and nonfailing hearts. J Nucl Cardiol. 1998 Nov-Dec;5(6):579-90. doi: 10.1016/s1071-3581(98)90112-x.

  PMID: 9869480 BACKGROUND

• Gill JS, Hunter GJ, Gane J, Ward DE, Camm AJ. Asymmetry of cardiac [123I] meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine scans in patients with ventricular tachycardia and a "clinically normal" heart. Br Heart J. 1993 Jan;69(1):6-13. doi: 10.1136/hrt.69.1.6.

  PMID: 8457398 BACKGROUND

• Arora R, Ferrick KJ, Nakata T, Kaplan RC, Rozengarten M, Latif F, Ng K, Marcano V, Heller S, Fisher JD, Travin MI. I-123 MIBG imaging and heart rate variability analysis to predict the need for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003 Mar-Apr;10(2):121-31. doi: 10.1067/mnc.2003.2.

  PMID: 12673176 BACKGROUND

• Kioka H, Yamada T, Mine T, Morita T, Tsukamoto Y, Tamaki S, Masuda M, Okuda K, Hori M, Fukunami M. Prediction of sudden death in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure by using cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging. Heart. 2007 Oct;93(10):1213-8. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2006.094524. Epub 2007 Mar 7.

  PMID: 17344327 BACKGROUND

• Tamaki S, Yamada T, Okuyama Y, Morita T, Sanada S, Tsukamoto Y, Masuda M, Okuda K, Iwasaki Y, Yasui T, Hori M, Fukunami M. Cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predicts sudden cardiac death independently of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from a comparative study with signal-averaged electrocardiogram, heart rate variability, and QT dispersion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Feb 3;53(5):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.025.

  PMID: 19179201 BACKGROUND

• Akutsu Y, Kaneko K, Kodama Y, Li HL, Kawamura M, Asano T, Tanno K, Shinozuka A, Gokan T, Kobayashi Y. The significance of cardiac sympathetic nervous system abnormality in the long-term prognosis of patients with a history of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. J Nucl Med. 2009 Jan;50(1):61-7. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.055194. Epub 2008 Dec 17.

  PMID: 19091900 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Heart Failure; Hypertrophy; Fibrosis

Interventions

Exercise; Muscle Stretching Exercises

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Pathologic Processes

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Exercise Therapy; Rehabilitation; Aftercare; Continuity of Patient Care; Patient Care; Therapeutics; Physical Therapy Modalities

Study Officials

• OTAVIO R COELHO-FILHO, MD, MPH, PhD

  University of Campinas, Brazil

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

OTAVIO R COELHO-FILHO, MD, MPH, PhD

CONTACT

996038484; tavicocoelho@gmail.com

FERNANDO B CARDOSO, MD

CONTACT

999203131; fermedesportiva@yahoo.com.br

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Model Details: Randomized trial in a 2:1 (intervention:control) proportion and in blocks of 6 participants.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 25, 2016
• First Posted: March 21, 2017
• Study Start: November 1, 2017
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2019
• Study Completion: July 1, 2020
• Last Updated: June 5, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

BR (1)