Efficacy of Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants

NCT00970866 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: 223623
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 3,499
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 4

Brief Summary

In Ghana, low micronutrient intakes among pregnant women are a major problem. The standard nutritional intervention during pregnancy is iron-folic acid tablets, but adherence is low. The investigators have pioneered the use of multiple micronutrient-fortified semi-solid pastes called Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) (made using vegetable oil, groundnut, milk, sugar, and micronutrients), and the investigators' previous studies show that the approach could have great potential for use by pregnant and lactating women. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LNS-P\&L designed for pregnant and lactating women and LNS-20gM designed for infants. Pregnant women (n=864) randomly selected from ante-natal clinics in Yilo and Manya Krobo districts of Ghana will be randomized to receive daily (a) Group 1: Iron/ Folic Acid tablets during pregnancy, and a tablet containing calcium (Ca) only (akin to a placebo) during lactation (6 mo), (b) Group 2: Multiple Micronutrient tablets during pregnancy and the first six months of lactation, or (c) Group 3: LNS-P\&L during pregnancy and lactation, whilst their infants receive LNS-20gM daily from 6 to 18 months. There are two primary outcomes namely:

1. 1.Maternal primary outcome: Birth length
2. 2.Child primary outcome: Child length-for-age z-score at 18 mo.

Conditions

Anemia; Malnutrition; Stunting

Keywords

multiple micronutrients; home fortification; complementary foods; infant feeding; lipid-based nutrient supplements

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Maternal primary outcome is child length at birth

  0 - 48 hr after birth

• Child primary outcome is child length-for-age Z-score (LAZ, based on WHO 2006 growth standards) at 18 months of age

  18 months after birth

Study Arms (3)

Iron and Folic Acid (IFA)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group; Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group

Multiple Micronutrient (MMN)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group; Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group

Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group; Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group

Interventions

Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Pregnant women will receive one (1) Iron (60 mg) and Folic Acid (400 mcg) (IFA) tablet daily during pregnancy, and a tablet containing calcium (Ca) only (akin to a placebo) during lactation; there will be no supplementation for infants born to the women. The Fe/FA tablets will be taken each day with water after meals

Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS); Multiple Micronutrient (MMN)

Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Pregnant women will receive one (1) Multiple Micronutrient tablet daily during pregnancy and the first 6 months of lactation; there will be no supplementation for infants born to the women. The MMN tablets will be taken each day with water after meals

Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS); Multiple Micronutrient (MMN)

Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Pregnant women will receive 20 g of LNS-P\&L daily during pregnancy and the first 6 months of lactation, whilst infants born to the women will receive 20 g of LNS-20gM daily from 6 to 18 mo of age. The LNS products (LNS-P\&L and LNS-20gM) will be consumed by being added to prepared food (usually mixed with complementary foods, for the child). Mothers will consume the full sachet of LNS (20 g/day) at one meal each day. Dosage and directions for use of the LNS product for children will be as follows: 20 g (\~4 teaspoons) per day divided into 2 portions and consumed at two different times of the day (2 x 2 teaspoons). Mix the portion of the supplement to be consumed with 2-3 tablespoons of the already prepared food (as done previously in our study in Ghana (1)), and eat the mixture before eating the rest of the food. Do not cook food with the supplement. Store supplement at room temperature. There is no need for refrigeration.

Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS); Multiple Micronutrient (MMN)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• At least 18 years of age
• No more than 20 wk of gestation
• Given Ante-natal Cards of the Ghana Health Service
• Completed the initial routine ante-natal examination at the clinics
• HIV negative or status unknown (as from the Ante-natal card)
• Free from chronic disease e.g. malignancy requiring frequent medical attention (as from the Ante-natal card)
• Residing in the Manya Krobo or Yilo Krobo district
• Prepared to sign an informed consent
• Living in the area throughout the duration of the study
• Acceptance of home visitors

You may not qualify if:

• Known asthmatic or history of allergy towards peanut or milk products
• Concurrent participation in another clinical trial
• Severe illness warranting hospital referral

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of California, Davis: lead

Study Sites (4)

St. Martin de Porre's Hospital

Agomanya, Ghana

Location

Atua Government Hospital

Atua, Ghana

Location

Kpong Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Center

Kpong, Ghana

Location

Somanya Polyclinic

Somanya, Ghana

Location

Related Publications (40)

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Randomized comparison of 3 types of micronutrient supplements for home fortification of complementary foods in Ghana: effects on growth and motor development. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(2):412-20. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.2.412.

  PMID: 17684213 BACKGROUND

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):929-38. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.929.

  PMID: 18400716 BACKGROUND

• Phuka JC, Maleta K, Thakwalakwa C, Cheung YB, Briend A, Manary MJ, Ashorn P. Postintervention growth of Malawian children who received 12-mo dietary complementation with a lipid-based nutrient supplement or maize-soy flour. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):382-90. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26483. Epub 2008 Dec 3.

  PMID: 19056572 BACKGROUND

• Phuka JC, Maleta K, Thakwalakwa C, Cheung YB, Briend A, Manary MJ, Ashorn P. Complementary feeding with fortified spread and incidence of severe stunting in 6- to 18-month-old rural Malawians. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Jul;162(7):619-26. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.162.7.619.

  PMID: 18606932 BACKGROUND

• Kaestel P, Michaelsen KF, Aaby P, Friis H. Effects of prenatal multimicronutrient supplements on birth weight and perinatal mortality: a randomised, controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;59(9):1081-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602215.

  PMID: 16015266 BACKGROUND

• Rivera JA, Martorell R, Ruel MT, Habicht JP, Haas JD. Nutritional supplementation during the preschool years influences body size and composition of Guatemalan adolescents. J Nutr. 1995 Apr;125(4 Suppl):1068S-1077S. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_4.1068S.

  PMID: 7722709 BACKGROUND

• Mora JO, de Paredes B, Wagner M, de Navarro L, Suescun J, Christiansen N, Herrera MG. Nutritional supplementation and the outcome of pregnancy. I. Birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Feb;32(2):455-62. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/32.2.455.

  PMID: 420135 BACKGROUND

• Super CM, Herrera MG, Mora JO. Long-term effects of food supplementation and psychosocial intervention on the physical growth of Colombian infants at risk of malnutrition. Child Dev. 1990 Feb;61(1):29-49.

  PMID: 2307045 BACKGROUND

• Partington LC, Yuan H, Demuyakor ME, Adu-Afarwuah S, Guyer AE, Dewey KG, Kumordzie SM, Oaks BM, Arnold CD, Prado EL, Hastings PD. Early-life nutritional supplementation protects against home environmental risks in Ghanaian children's social-emotional development. Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 20;12:1571677. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1571677. eCollection 2025.

  PMID: 40909891 DERIVED

• Nti H, Adu-Afarwuah S, Oaks BM, Prado EL, Arnold CD, Hastings PD, Guyer AE, Dewey KG, Amponsah B, Bentil HJ, Mensah MO, Adjetey E, Tan X, Aryee LMD, Labi FBA, Manu A. Impact of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements on Pubertal Status of 9-13-Year Olds: A Follow-Up Study of the iLiNS-DYAD-Ghana Trial. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Sep 26;8(12):104458. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104458. eCollection 2024 Dec.

  PMID: 39758592 DERIVED

• Aryee LMD, Adu-Afarwuah S, Prado EL, Guyer AE, Arnold CD, Dewey KG, Amponsah B, Manu A, Oaks BM, Bentil HJ, Nti H, Ayete Labi FB, Mensah MO, Adjetey E, Hastings PD. Effect of Early-Life Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement and Home Environment on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation at 9-11 Years: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Matern Child Nutr. 2025 Apr;21(2):e13789. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13789. Epub 2024 Dec 16.

  PMID: 39679749 DERIVED

• Bentil HJ, Adu-Afarwuah S, Prado EL, Arnold CD, Hastings PD, Guyer AE, Mensah MO, Manu A, Tan X, Adjetey E, Amponsah B, Demuyakor ME, Dewey KG, Oaks BM. Sustained effects of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements provided during the first 1000 days on child growth at 9-11 y in a randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Feb;119(2):425-432. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.033. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

  PMID: 38309829 DERIVED

• Hong BV, Zheng JJ, Romo EZ, Agus JK, Tang X, Arnold CD, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Dewey KG, Zivkovic AM. Seasonal Factors Are Associated with Activities of Enzymes Involved in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism among Pregnant Females in Ghana. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023 Nov 23;7(12):102041. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102041. eCollection 2023 Dec.

  PMID: 38130330 DERIVED

• Prado EL, Adu-Afarwuah S, Arnold CD, Adjetey E, Amponsah B, Bentil H, Dewey KG, Guyer AE, Manu A, Mensah M, Oaks BM, Ocansey M, Tan X, Hastings PD. Prenatal and postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements and children's social-emotional difficulties at ages 9-11 y in Ghana: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Aug;118(2):433-442. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.025. Epub 2023 May 29.

  PMID: 37257564 DERIVED

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Arnold CD, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Dewey KG. Prevalence of morbidity symptoms among pregnant and postpartum women receiving different nutrient supplements in Ghana and Malawi: A secondary outcome analysis of two randomised controlled trials. Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Jul;19(3):e13501. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13501. Epub 2023 Apr 6.

  PMID: 37021807 DERIVED

• Hong BV, Zhu C, Wong M, Sacchi R, Rhodes CH, Kang JW, Arnold CD, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Oaks BM, Lebrilla CB, Dewey KG, Zivkovic AM. Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation Increases High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Is Associated with Changes in the HDL Glycoproteome in Children. ACS Omega. 2021 Nov 18;6(47):32022-32031. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04811. eCollection 2021 Nov 30.

  PMID: 34870025 DERIVED

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Arnold CD, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Fan YM, Matchado A, Kortekangas E, Oaks BM, Jackson KH, Dewey KG. Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Increase Infants' Plasma Essential Fatty Acid Levels in Ghana and Malawi: A Secondary Outcome Analysis of the iLiNS-DYAD Randomized Trials. J Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;152(1):286-301. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab329.

  PMID: 34543432 DERIVED

• Abreu AM, Young RR, Buchanan A, Lofgren IE, Okronipa HET, Lartey A, Ashorn P, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Oaks BM. Maternal Blood Pressure in Relation to Prenatal Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Ghanaian Cohort: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Cohort Analysis. J Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;151(6):1637-1645. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab018.

  PMID: 33704494 DERIVED

• Oaks BM, Adu-Afarwuah S, Kumordzie S, Laudenslager ML, Smith DL, Lin J, Young RR, Arnold CD, Bentil H, Okronipa H, Ocansey M, Dewey KG. Impact of a nutritional supplement during gestation and early childhood on child salivary cortisol, hair cortisol, and telomere length at 4-6 years of age: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Stress. 2020 Sep;23(5):597-606. doi: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1728528. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

  PMID: 32063089 DERIVED

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Young RR, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Oaks BM, Dewey KG. Supplementation with Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Does Not Increase Child Morbidity in a Semiurban Setting in Ghana: A Secondary Outcome Noninferiority Analysis of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;150(2):382-393. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz243.

  PMID: 31603205 DERIVED

• Kumordzie SM, Okronipa H, Arimond M, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ocansey ME, Young RR, Bentil HJ, Tamakloe SM, Oaks BM, Dewey KG. Maternal and child factors associated with child body fatness in a Ghanaian cohort. Public Health Nutr. 2020 Feb;23(2):309-318. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019001745. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

  PMID: 31340880 DERIVED

• Kumordzie SM, Adu-Afarwuah S, Arimond M, Young RR, Adom T, Boatin R, Ocansey ME, Okronipa H, Prado EL, Oaks BM, Dewey KG. Maternal and Infant Lipid-Based Nutritional Supplementation Increases Height of Ghanaian Children at 4-6 Years Only if the Mother Was Not Overweight Before Conception. J Nutr. 2019 May 1;149(5):847-855. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz005.

  PMID: 31034033 DERIVED

• Okronipa H, Arimond M, Arnold CD, Young RR, Adu-Afarwuah S, Tamakloe SM, Ocansey ME, Kumordzie SM, Oaks BM, Mennella JA, Dewey KG. Exposure to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement during early life does not increase the level of sweet taste most preferred among 4- to 6-year-old Ghanaian children: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr 1;109(4):1224-1232. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy352.

  PMID: 30915467 DERIVED

• Okronipa H, Arimond M, Young RR, Arnold CD, Adu-Afarwuah S, Tamakloe SM, Bentil HJ, Ocansey ME, Kumordzie SM, Oaks BM, Dewey KG. Exposure to a Slightly Sweet Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement During Early Life Does Not Increase the Preference for or Consumption of Sweet Foods and Beverages by 4-6-y-Old Ghanaian Preschool Children: Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):532-541. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy293.

  PMID: 30770539 DERIVED

• Kumordzie SM, Adu-Afarwuah S, Young RR, Oaks BM, Tamakloe SM, Ocansey ME, Okronipa H, Prado EL, Dewey KG. Maternal-Infant Supplementation with Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Does Not Affect Child Blood Pressure at 4-6 Y in Ghana: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial. J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):522-531. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy285.

  PMID: 30753625 DERIVED

• Ocansey ME, Adu-Afarwuah S, Kumordzie SM, Okronipa H, Young RR, Tamakloe SM, Oaks BM, Dewey KG, Prado EL. Prenatal and postnatal lipid-based nutrient supplementation and cognitive, social-emotional, and motor function in preschool-aged children in Ghana: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;109(2):322-334. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy303.

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• Oaks BM, Jorgensen JM, Baldiviez LM, Adu-Afarwuah S, Maleta K, Okronipa H, Sadalaki J, Lartey A, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Vosti S, Allen LH, Dewey KG. Prenatal Iron Deficiency and Replete Iron Status Are Associated with Adverse Birth Outcomes, but Associations Differ in Ghana and Malawi. J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):513-521. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy278.

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• Adams KP, Ayifah E, Phiri TE, Mridha MK, Adu-Afarwuah S, Arimond M, Arnold CD, Cummins J, Hussain S, Kumwenda C, Matias SL, Ashorn U, Lartey A, Maleta KM, Vosti SA, Dewey KG. Maternal and Child Supplementation with Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements, but Not Child Supplementation Alone, Decreases Self-Reported Household Food Insecurity in Some Settings. J Nutr. 2017 Dec;147(12):2309-2318. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.257386. Epub 2017 Oct 4.

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• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Zeilani M, Arimond M, Vosti SA, Dewey KG. Maternal Supplementation with Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Compared with Multiple Micronutrients, but Not with Iron and Folic Acid, Reduces the Prevalence of Low Gestational Weight Gain in Semi-Urban Ghana: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2017 Apr;147(4):697-705. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.242909. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

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• Oaks BM, Young RR, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ashorn U, Jackson KH, Lartey A, Maleta K, Okronipa H, Sadalaki J, Baldiviez LM, Shahab-Ferdows S, Ashorn P, Dewey KG. Effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement during pregnancy and lactation on maternal plasma fatty acid status and lipid profile: Results of two randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017 Feb;117:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 25.

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• Klevor MK, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ashorn P, Arimond M, Dewey KG, Lartey A, Maleta K, Phiri N, Pyykko J, Zeilani M, Ashorn U. A mixed method study exploring adherence to and acceptability of small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) among pregnant and lactating women in Ghana and Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Aug 30;16(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1039-0.

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• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Peerson JM, Arimond M, Ashorn U, Zeilani M, Vosti S, Dewey KG. Small-quantity, lipid-based nutrient supplements provided to women during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their infants from 6 mo of age increase the mean attained length of 18-mo-old children in semi-urban Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104(3):797-808. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134692. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

  PMID: 27534634 DERIVED

• Prado EL, Abbeddou S, Adu-Afarwuah S, Arimond M, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Brown KH, Hess SY, Lartey A, Maleta K, Ocansey E, Ouedraogo JB, Phuka J, Some JW, Vosti SA, Yakes Jimenez E, Dewey KG. Linear Growth and Child Development in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Malawi. Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2):e20154698. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-4698.

  PMID: 27474016 DERIVED

• Prado EL, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Ocansey M, Ashorn P, Vosti SA, Dewey KG. Effects of pre- and post-natal lipid-based nutrient supplements on infant development in a randomized trial in Ghana. Early Hum Dev. 2016 Aug;99:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 Jul 6.

  PMID: 27391572 DERIVED

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Zeilani M, Baldiviez LM, Oaks BM, Vosti S, Dewey KG. Impact of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement on hemoglobin, iron status and biomarkers of inflammation in pregnant Ghanaian women. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Apr;13(2):e12262. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12262. Epub 2016 Feb 29.

  PMID: 26924599 DERIVED

• Oaks BM, Laugero KD, Stewart CP, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Ashorn P, Vosti SA, Dewey KG. Late-Pregnancy Salivary Cortisol Concentrations of Ghanaian Women Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements. J Nutr. 2016 Feb;146(2):343-52. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.219576. Epub 2016 Jan 13.

  PMID: 26764321 DERIVED

• Klevor MK, Haskell MJ, Lartey A, Adu-Afarwuah S, Zeilani M, Dewey KG. Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Providing Approximately the Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin A Do Not Increase Breast Milk Retinol Concentrations among Ghanaian Women. J Nutr. 2016 Feb;146(2):335-42. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.217786. Epub 2016 Jan 6.

  PMID: 26740682 DERIVED

• Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Zeilani M, Peerson JM, Arimond M, Vosti S, Dewey KG. Lipid-based nutrient supplement increases the birth size of infants of primiparous women in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Apr;101(4):835-46. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.091546. Epub 2015 Feb 11.

  PMID: 25833980 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anemia; Malnutrition; Growth Disorders

Interventions

Iron; Folic Acid; Population Groups; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hematologic Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Metals, Heavy; Elements; Inorganic Chemicals; Transition Elements; Metals; Pterins; Pteridines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Demography; Population Characteristics; Pentosyltransferases; Glycosyltransferases; Transferases; Enzymes; Enzymes and Coenzymes

Study Officials

• Kathryn G. Dewey, PhD

  UC Davis

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Anna Lartey, PhD

  +233 21 513294

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Seth Adu-Afarwuah, PhD

  University of Ghana

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Elizabeth L Prado, PhD

  University of California, Davis

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 1, 2009
• First Posted: September 3, 2009
• Study Start: November 1, 2009
• Primary Completion: December 15, 2017
• Study Completion: December 15, 2017
• Last Updated: February 24, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-02

Locations

GH (4)