Single-dose Postpartum Vitamin A Supplementation of Mothers and Neonates

NCT00198718 | Completed Phase 2

• 1 other identifier: (CIDA) (R/C Project 690/M3688)
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 28,220
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

The ZVITAMBO PROJECT is testing whether giving mothers and infants a single large dose of vitamin A during the immediate post partum period will reduce:

1. 1.Infant Mortality Can oral administration of a single 50,000 IU dose of vitamin A to newborn infants, a single 400,000 IU dose of vitamin A given to their lactating mothers, or supplementation of both the mother and infant during the immediate post partum period reduce infant mortality by at least 30%?
2. 2.Mother to Child HIV transmission during breast feeding Can oral administration of a single large dose of vitamin A given during the immediate post partum period to HIV seropositive lactating women and/or their babies reduce HIV transmission via breast feeding by at least 30%?
3. 3.Sexually transmitted HIV infection of post partum women Can a single 400,000 IU dose of vitamin A given during the immediate post partum period to HIV seronegative women reduce their likelihood of becoming HIV infected during the post partum year by at least 25%?
4. 4.Infant feeding in the context of HIV: An operational research study was initiated mid-way through the trial to determine how UNAIDS Guidelines on infant feeding in the context of HIV could be effectively implemented and to measure the impact of such a program on infant feeding practices and postnatal HIV transmission.

Conditions

Vitamin A Deficiency; HIV

Keywords

Vitamin A supplementation; HIV; Mother to child transmission of HIV; Breastfeeding

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• 1. HIV infection rate among baseline HIV-negative babies born to HIV-positive mothers at 24 months

  By 24 months of age

• 2. Infant mortality rate among all infants, infants born to HIV-negative mothers, and infants born to HIV-positive mothers at 6 months

  by 12 months of age

• 3. HIV infection rates among baseline HIV-negative mothers at 24 months

  by 24 months postpartum

Secondary Outcomes (8)

• 1. HIV infection or death rate among baseline HIV-negative babies born to HIV-positive mothers at 6, 12, and 18 months

  By 24 months of age

• 2. HIV infection or death rate among 6-wk HIV-negative babies born to HIV-positive mothers at 6, 12, 18, 24 months

  by 24 months of age

• 3. Serum and breast milk retinol concentration among women at 12 months

  12 months postpartum

• 4. Modified relative dose response ratios among infants at 6 wk, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

  12 months post partum

• 5. Viral load among HIV-positive women at 6 wk, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

  12 months postpartum

Study Arms (4)

Infant vitamin A Mother vitamin A

EXPERIMENTAL

Infant received 50,000 IU vitamin A, mother received 400,000 IU vitamin A

Drug: Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate)

Infant vitamin A Mother placebo

EXPERIMENTAL

Infant received 50,000 IU vitamin A, mother received placebo

Drug: Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate)

Infant placebo, mother vitamin A

EXPERIMENTAL

Infant received placebo, mother received 400,000 IU vitamin A

Drug: Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate)

Infant received placebo, mother received placebo

EXPERIMENTAL

Infant and mother received placebo

Drug: Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate)

Interventions

Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) DRUG

Infant placebo, mother vitamin A; Infant received placebo, mother received placebo; Infant vitamin A Mother placebo; Infant vitamin A Mother vitamin A

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• mothers and their neonates delivering at a study recruitment site during the recruitment period

You may not qualify if:

• mother in intensive care unit
• mother not fully conscious
• maternal temperature \> 39˚
• Mother is 'nil per mouth' (NPO)
• Mother is terminally ill as indicated in medical notes
• Infant is NPO
• Infant is terminally ill as indicated in medical notes
• Infant birth weight \<1500 g
• Infant is a twin or triplet delivery
• Regular place of residence is outside Harare.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: lead
• McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre: collaborator
• University of Zimbabwe: collaborator
• Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe: collaborator
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID): collaborator
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: collaborator
• Rockefeller Foundation: collaborator
• BASF: collaborator
• SARA and Linkages Projects, Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC.: collaborator
• Université de Montréal: collaborator

Related Publications (58)

• Humphrey JH, Rice AL. Vitamin A supplementation of young infants. Lancet. 2000 Jul 29;356(9227):422-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02541-1.

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• Miller M, Iliff P, Stoltzfus RJ, Humphrey J. Breastmilk erythropoietin and mother-to-child HIV transmission through breastmilk. Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1246-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11277-3.

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  BACKGROUND

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• Humphrey JH and Ichord RN: Safety of vitamin A supplementation of postpartum women and young children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin (2001) 22: 311-319.

  BACKGROUND

• Matte C, Lacaille J, Zijenah L, Ward B, Roger M; ZVITAMBO Study Group. HLA-G exhibits low level of polymorphism in indigenous East Africans. Hum Immunol. 2002 Jun;63(6):495-501. doi: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00391-9.

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• Lajoie J, Zijenah LS, Faucher MC, Ward BJ, Roger M; ZVITAMBO Study Group. New transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP-2) polymorphisms in the Shona people of Zimbabwe. Hum Immunol. 2003 Jul;64(7):733-40. doi: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00079-x.

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• Lajoie J, Zijenah LS, Faucher MC, Ward BJ, Roger M; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Novel TAP1 polymorphisms in indigenous Zimbabweans: their potential implications on TAP function and in human diseases. Hum Immunol. 2003 Aug;64(8):823-9. doi: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00110-1.

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• Miller MF, Humphrey JH, Iliff PJ, Malaba LC, Mbuya NV, Stoltzfus RJ; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Neonatal erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean babies during the first year of life: a longitudinal study. BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 3;6:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-1.

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  BACKGROUND

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• Evans C, Chasekwa B, Ntozini R, Humphrey JH, Prendergast AJ. Head circumferences of children born to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers in Zimbabwe during the preantiretroviral therapy era. AIDS. 2016 Sep 24;30(15):2323-8. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001196.

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• Gough EK, Moodie EE, Prendergast AJ, Ntozini R, Moulton LH, Humphrey JH, Manges AR. Linear growth trajectories in Zimbabwean infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;104(6):1616-1627. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133538. Epub 2016 Nov 2.

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• Zijenah LS, Humphrey J, Nathoo K, Malaba L, Zvandasara P, Mahomva A, Iliff P, Mbizvo MT. Evaluation of the prototype Roche DNA amplification kit incorporating the new SSK145 and SKCC1B primers in detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in Zimbabwe. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Nov;37(11):3569-71. doi: 10.1128/JCM.37.11.3569-3571.1999.

  PMID: 10523553 RESULT

• Zijenah LS, Moulton LH, Iliff P, Nathoo K, Munjoma MW, Mutasa K, Malaba L, Zvandasara P, Ward BJ, Humphrey J; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and infant mortality in the first 6 months of life in Harare, Zimbabwe. AIDS. 2004 Jan 23;18(2):273-80. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200401230-00017.

  PMID: 15075545 RESULT

• Malaba LC, Iliff PJ, Nathoo KJ, Marinda E, Moulton LH, Zijenah LS, Zvandasara P, Ward BJ, Humphrey JH; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Effect of postpartum maternal or neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant mortality among infants born to HIV-negative mothers in Zimbabwe. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):454-60. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.454.

  PMID: 15699235 RESULT

• Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, Zunguza CD, Marinda ET, Nathoo KJ, Moulton LH, Ward BJ, Humphrey JH; ZVITAMBO study group. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS. 2005 Apr 29;19(7):699-708. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166093.16446.c9.

  PMID: 15821396 RESULT

• Piwoz EG, Iliff PJ, Tavengwa N, Gavin L, Marinda E, Lunney K, Zunguza C, Nathoo KJ, Humphrey JH. An education and counseling program for preventing breast-feeding-associated HIV transmission in Zimbabwe: design and impact on maternal knowledge and behavior. J Nutr. 2005 Apr;135(4):950-5. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.4.950.

  PMID: 15795468 RESULT

• Miller MF, Stoltzfus RJ, Mbuya NV, Malaba LC, Iliff PJ, Humphrey JH; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Total body iron in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean newborns strongly predicts anemia throughout infancy and is predicted by maternal hemoglobin concentration. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3461-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3461.

  PMID: 14608059 RESULT

• Church JA, Rukobo S, Govha M, Carmolli MP, Diehl SA, Chasekwa B, Ntozini R, Mutasa K, Humphrey JH, Kirkpatrick BD, Prendergast AJ. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and immune responses to oral polio vaccine in Zimbabwean infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2019 Mar 1;113(3):110-115. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/try126.

  PMID: 30576507 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Vitamin A Deficiency; Breast Feeding

Interventions

Vitamin A; retinol palmitate

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Avitaminosis; Deficiency Diseases; Malnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Feeding Behavior; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Retinoids; Carotenoids; Polyenes; Alkenes; Hydrocarbons, Acyclic; Hydrocarbons; Organic Chemicals; Cyclohexenes; Cyclohexanes; Cycloparaffins; Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Terpenes; Diterpenes; Pigments, Biological; Biological Factors

Study Officials

• Jean H Humphrey, ScD

  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Pubic Health

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: FACTORIAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 12, 2005
• First Posted: September 20, 2005
• Study Start: November 1, 1997
• Primary Completion: May 1, 2001
• Study Completion: December 31, 2020
• Last Updated: October 18, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-10