Pulmonary Function and Trunk Muscle Performance in Wrestlers

NCT07792174 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: WREST-PULM-TRUNK-26
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 28
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to investigate the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Wrestling requires a combination of high muscular strength, repeated high-intensity efforts, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and effective trunk muscle function. However, the relationships among these physiological and muscular performance characteristics have not been fully established in professional wrestlers. This single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study will include approximately 28 professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years and who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, pulmonary function testing by spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis, Wingate anaerobic testing, and isokinetic assessment of trunk muscle performance. Pulmonary function parameters will be obtained from spirometry. Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test, while trunk flexor and extensor muscle performance will be evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry. The study will primarily examine the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function and trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters.

Conditions

Pulmonary Function; Aerobic Performance; Anaerobic Performance; Isokinetic Test

Keywords

Wrestlers; Pulmonary function; Isokinetic trunk muscle performance; Wingate test; VO2max; Spirometry

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (9)

• Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

  Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.

  Baseline

• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV₁)

  Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled during the first second following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.

  Baseline

• FEV₁/FVC Ratio

  The FEV₁/FVC ratio represents the proportion of the forced vital capacity exhaled during the first second of forced expiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported as a percentage (%), with values ≥70% generally considered within the normal range in adults.

  Baseline

• Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

  Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow rate achieved during a forced expiration following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per second (L/s), with values interpreted according to age, sex, height, and predicted reference values.

  Baseline

• Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)

  Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled voluntarily over a specified period of time. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per minute (L/min), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.

  Baseline

• Trunk Flexion Peak Torque at 60°/s

  Trunk flexion peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk flexor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).

  Baseline

• Trunk Extension Peak Torque at 60°/s

  Trunk extension peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk extensor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).

  Baseline

• Trunk Flexion Total Work at 90°/s

  Trunk flexion total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk flexor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).

  Baseline

• Trunk Extension Total Work at 90°/s

  Trunk extension total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk extensor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).

  Baseline

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO₂max)

  Baseline

• Peak Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test

  Baseline

• Mean Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test

  Baseline

• Fatigue Index During the Wingate Anaerobic Test

  Baseline

Study Arms (1)

Professional Male Wrestlers

Other: No intervention

Interventions

No intervention OTHER

No intervention will be administered. Participants will undergo standardized assessments including spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis for VO₂max, Wingate anaerobic test, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance testing. These assessments are performed for data collection purposes and do not constitute a therapeutic intervention.

Professional Male Wrestlers

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Eligibility is limited to biological males because the study population consists exclusively of professional male wrestlers. Participants must be male and aged 18-35 years and must meet all other predefined eligibility criteria.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years, currently compete at the professional level, and follow a regular training program. Participants will undergo standardized assessments of pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. A total of 28 eligible professional male wrestlers are planned to be included in the study.

You may qualify if:

• Male participants aged 18-35 years
• At least 5 years of active participation in licensed wrestling
• Currently competing at the professional level and following a regular training program
• No upper respiratory tract infection within the previous 4 weeks, or no signs of active infection on the day of assessment
• Able to safely complete pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the Wingate test, and isokinetic assessment
• Willingness to participate and ability to provide written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Any chronic respiratory disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, or other chronic respiratory system disorders
• Any cardiovascular, neurological, or systemic disease that may affect the study measurements
• Surgery involving the trunk or spine within the previous 6 months
• A musculoskeletal injury within the previous 3 months affecting the lower back, back, or abdominal muscles and resulting in absence from training or competition
• Acute low back or back pain at the time of assessment
• Any clinical condition that may preclude maximal exercise during cardiopulmonary exercise testing or the Wingate test
• Any condition that prevents the participant from safely completing pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the Wingate test, or isokinetic assessment

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Istanbul University

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (5)

• Kim HS, Cho SH. Correlation between Lung Function and Functional Movement in Healthy Adults. Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Aug 16;8(3):276. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030276.

  PMID: 32824329 RESULT

• Kurokawa Y, Kato S, Yokogawa N, Shimizu T, Matsubara H, Kabata T, Demura S. Relationship between Respiratory Function and the Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles Including the Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Sep 26;9(4):175. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040175.

  PMID: 39449469 RESULT

• Sillanpaa E, Stenroth L, Bijlsma AY, Rantanen T, McPhee JS, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Jones DA, Narici MV, Gapeyeva H, Paasuke M, Barnouin Y, Hogrel JY, Butler-Browne GS, Meskers CG, Maier AB, Tormakangas T, Sipila S. Associations between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary function and mobility in healthy older adults. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):9667. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9667-7. Epub 2014 Jul 30.

  PMID: 25073451 RESULT

• Ozkal O, Demircioglu A, Topuz S. Clarifying the relationships between trunk muscle endurance, respiratory muscle strength and static/dynamic postural control in Latin dancers. Sports Biomech. 2025 Jun;24(6):1562-1575. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301984. Epub 2024 Jan 9.

  PMID: 38193516 RESULT

• Tokgoz G, Cinarli S, Akyol B, Aygoren C, Beykumul A, Larsen MN, Krustrup P, Franca C, Gouveia ER, Cinarli FS. Associations Between Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength in Turkish National Karate Athletes. J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 10;14(18):6370. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186370.

  PMID: 41010575 RESULT

Central Study Contacts

Şensu DİNÇER, Medical Doctor

CONTACT

+90 505 694 76 73; sdincer@istanbul.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 13, 2026
• First Posted: August 28, 2026
• Study Start (Estimated): October 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2026
• Last Updated: August 28, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)