Warm and Cool Color Visual Focusing in Labor

NCT07777107 | Active Not Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: Balikesirhulya
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 64
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of focusing on warm- and cool-color visuals during labor on labor pain, state anxiety, childbirth comfort, and labor duration. Nulliparous pregnant women were randomly assigned to warm- or cool-color visual focusing groups. Visual focusing was initiated during the early stage of labor and continued throughout labor. Labor pain, state anxiety, childbirth comfort, and labor duration were assessed at predefined stages of cervical dilatation.

Conditions

Labor Pain and Anxiety

Keywords

Visual focusing; warm colors; cool colors; labor pain; midwifery; childbirth

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• labor pain

  Labor pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-10 cm cervical dilatation. The VAS ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

  At 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-10 cm cervical dilatation during labor.

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• State Anxiety

  At 6-7 cm cervical dilatation during labor.

• Childbirth Comfort

  At 4-5 cm and 8-10 cm cervical dilatation during labor.

• Labor Duration

  From 4 cm to 10 cm cervical dilatation during labor.

Study Arms (2)

Warm-color group

EXPERIMENTAL

A visual dominated by warm colors was placed in the delivery room, and visual focusing was initiated at 1 cm of cervical dilatation. The midwife briefly introduced the artwork and the artist and asked the women to focus their attention on the visual throughout labor, particularly during painful periods. Standard midwifery care was provided.

Other: Warm-color visual

Cool-color group

EXPERIMENTAL

A visual dominated by cool colors was placed in the delivery room, and visual focusing was initiated at 1 cm of cervical dilatation. The midwife briefly introduced the artwork and the artist and asked the women to focus their attention on the visual throughout labor, particularly during painful periods. Standard midwifery care was provided.

Other: Cool-color visual

Interventions

Warm-color visual OTHER

A visual dominated by warm colors was placed in the delivery room, and visual focusing was initiated at 1 cm of cervical dilatation. The midwife briefly introduced the artwork and the artist and asked the women to focus their attention on the visual throughout labor, particularly during painful periods.

Warm-color group

Cool-color visual OTHER

A visual dominated by cool colors was placed in the delivery room, and visual focusing was initiated at 1 cm of cervical dilatation. The midwife briefly introduced the artwork and the artist and asked the women to focus their attention on the visual throughout labor, particularly during painful periods.

Cool-color group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Gender Eligibility Details: Only pregnant women were eligible to participate in the study.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Nulliparous pregnant women Singleton pregnancy Term pregnancy (37-42 weeks of gestation) Cephalic fetal presentation Spontaneous onset of labor Cervical dilatation of 1 cm at enrollment Ability to communicate in Turkish Voluntary participation in the study -

You may not qualify if:

• High-risk pregnancy or obstetric complications Presence of a condition requiring emergency obstetric intervention Use of pharmacological analgesia during labor Visual impairment that could interfere with focusing on the visual Development of maternal or fetal complications requiring discontinuation of the intervention

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Balikesir University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Balıkesir University

Balıkesir, 6100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Turkmen H, Cetinkaya S, Kilic H, Tuna SD, Sirvanci M, Mutlu H. The Effect of Ice Massage Applied to the SP6 Point on Labor Pain, Labor Comfort, Labor Duration, and Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2024 Jul-Aug;69(4):491-498. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13600. Epub 2024 Jan 15.

  PMID: 38223923 BACKGROUND

• Turkmen H, Cetinkaya S, Kilic H, Apay E, Karamuftuoglu D, Yoruk S, Ozkirim E. Effect of Focusing on Maryam's Flower During the First Stage of the Labor on the Labor Pain, Labor Duration, and Levels of Comfort and Satisfaction. Clin Nurs Res. 2021 Jul;30(6):780-789. doi: 10.1177/1054773820984911. Epub 2020 Dec 29.

  PMID: 33371726 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Labor Pain; Anxiety Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Mental Disorders

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: associate professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 18, 2026
• First Posted: August 20, 2026
• Study Start: March 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: March 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2027
• Last Updated: August 20, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)