NCT07760948

Brief Summary

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will evaluate whether daily calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (calcium-HMB) plus vitamin D3 preserves muscle mass, physical function, and resting metabolism in adults aged 65 to 85 years with type 2 diabetes who are newly starting semaglutide as part of usual clinical care. Participants will receive calcium-HMB plus vitamin D3 or matching placebo for approximately 6 months. The primary outcome is change in appendicular lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from baseline to month 6. Secondary assessments include body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, gait, physical activity, resting metabolic rate, metabolic measures, and whole-body quantitative computed tomography. An optional mechanistic substudy of up to 36 participants will include D3-creatine dilution, nonradioactive stable isotope infusions, repeated blood sampling, a standardized meal, breath sampling, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies at baseline and month 6.

Trial Health

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Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
90

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for phase_2

Timeline
48mo left

Started Dec 2026

Typical duration for phase_2

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
not yet recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

August 7, 2026

Completed
5 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

August 12, 2026

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

December 1, 2026

Expected
3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 30, 2029

11 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 1, 2030

Last Updated

August 12, 2026

Status Verified

August 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

3 years

First QC Date

August 7, 2026

Last Update Submit

August 7, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

semaglutideGLP-1 receptor agonistbeta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrateHMBcalcium-HMBvitamin D3appendicular lean massmetabolic adaptationresting metabolic rateskeletal muscleolder adultsD3-creatinemuscle protein synthesismuscle protein breakdown

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Change in Appendicular Lean Mass

    Appendicular lean mass will be measured by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The outcome is the month-6 value minus the baseline value, reported in kilograms.

    Baseline to month 6

Secondary Outcomes (22)

  • Title Change in Body Weight

    Baseline to month 6

  • Change in Total Fat Mass

    Baseline to month 6

  • Title Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue

    Baseline to month 6

  • Change in Bone Mineral Density

    Baseline to month 6

  • Change in Trabecular Bone Score

    Baseline to month 6

  • +17 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Calcium-HMB Plus Vitamin D3

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants receive active calcium-HMB plus vitamin D3 for approximately 6 months while semaglutide is prescribed and managed as standard clinical care.

Dietary Supplement: Calcium-HMB Plus Vitamin D3

Matching Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Participants receive matching placebo for approximately 6 months while semaglutide is prescribed and managed as standard clinical care.

Other: Matching placebo

Interventions

Calcium-HMB Plus Vitamin D3DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Each active capsule contains 750 mg calcium-HMB and 200 IU vitamin D3. Participants take two capsules twice daily, providing 3 g calcium-HMB and 800 IU vitamin D3 per day, for approximately 6 months.

Also known as: CaHMB plus vitamin D3, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate plus vitamin D3, HMB plus vitamin D3
Calcium-HMB Plus Vitamin D3

Participants take two matching placebo capsules twice daily for approximately 6 months. Placebo capsules are matched to active product in appearance, packaging, labeling, and dosing schedule. Insert the final placebo ingredients if the PRS administrator requests them.

Matching Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

Age65 Years - 85 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsOlder Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Age 65 to 85 years, inclusive.
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus, defined by HbA1c at or above 6.5% or current use of antihyperglycemic medication.
  • Body mass index at or above 27 kg/m2.
  • Newly initiating semaglutide as standard clinical care under the direction of a treating clinician.
  • Able to walk 400 meters without assistance; use of a cane is permitted.
  • Able to understand and provide legally effective informed consent.
  • English speaking for the initial study because the consent documents, questionnaires, study-product instructions, safety instructions, and procedure-specific materials are available only in English.

You may not qualify if:

  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
  • Use of HMB, creatine, or high-dose whey protein supplements within the previous 3 months.
  • Weight change greater than 5% during the previous 3 months.
  • Recent fracture within the previous 6 months.
  • Neuromuscular disease, including Parkinson disease, or another condition that would interfere with study outcomes or safe participation.
  • Chronic corticosteroid use.
  • Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2.
  • History of pancreatitis.
  • Smoking more than 7 cigarettes per day.
  • Previous malabsorptive or restrictive intestinal surgery or a malabsorptive syndrome.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Recent history of neoplasia within the previous 5 years, as defined by the protocol.
  • Other active inflammatory conditions or neuromuscular disorders that could interfere with study outcomes or safety.
  • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 15 ng/mL.
  • Any medical, functional, laboratory, medication-related, or safety condition that the investigator determines makes study participation unsafe or prevents completion of essential procedures.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2SarcopeniaObesityMuscular Atrophy

Interventions

Cholecalciferolbeta-hydroxyisovaleric acid

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesNeuromuscular ManifestationsNeurologic ManifestationsNervous System DiseasesAtrophyPathological Conditions, AnatomicalPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsSigns and SymptomsOverweightOvernutritionNutrition DisordersBody Weight

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

CholestenesCholestanesSteroidsFused-Ring CompoundsPolycyclic CompoundsSterolsVitamin DSecosteroidsMembrane LipidsLipids

Study Officials

  • Robb Flynn, PhD

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Robb Flynn, PhD

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
TSI/MTI or its designated independent code custodian maintains the treatment code. Active and placebo products are matched in appearance, packaging, labeling, and dosing schedule. Participants, the principal investigator, study coordinators, outcome assessors, and primary analysts remain blinded except for authorized personnel requiring access for product accountability or emergency safety unblinding.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Participants are assigned 1:1, with stratification by sex, to calcium-HMB plus vitamin D3 or matching placebo for approximately 6 months while receiving semaglutide as standard clinical care.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

August 7, 2026

First Posted

August 12, 2026

Study Start (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

November 30, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

November 1, 2030

Last Updated

August 12, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Deidentified participant-level data underlying reported results may be shared through a controlled-access repository, including the NIDDK Central Repository or Vivli, as permitted by informed consent, HIPAA authorization, IRB approval, repository requirements, and institutional agreements. Direct identifiers will not be shared.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR
Time Frame
The funded plan describes sharing deidentified datasets within 6 months after publication or within 18 months after the funding period ends if unpublished. Confirm that this remains the final institutional commitment before entering it.
Access Criteria
Access will require repository review and any required data-use agreement, institutional approval, and agreement to use the data only for an approved research purpose and not to attempt participant reidentification.

Locations