The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on PIVC

NCT07704502 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: HakimeAslann
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 180
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise and dry heat application technique on venous fullness and vein visibility in cancer patients. Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial model. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of Malatya Turgut Ozal Medical Center Oncology Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 180 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated using block randomization to an isometric exercise group (n = 60), a dry heat application group (n = 60), or a control group (n = 60). Sample size was determined through power analysis. Data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", "Vein Rating Scale" and "Vein Assessment Tool".

Conditions

Neoplams; PIV Catheter Insertion

Keywords

Neoplasms; Peripheral Venous Catheterization; Thermotherapy; Isometcic Exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Effects of isometric exercise

  Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.

  Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Effects of dry heat application

  Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Study Arms (2)

Isometric exercise group

EXPERIMENTAL

Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.

Other: Isometric exercise

Dry heat application group

EXPERIMENTAL

A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.

Other: Dry heat application

Interventions

Isometric exercise OTHER

articipants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.

Isometric exercise group

Dry heat application OTHER

A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.

Dry heat application group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Undergoing chemotherapy treatment,
• Receiving at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy treatment,
• Not diagnosed with diabetes and/or without peripheral neuropathy,
• Not receiving antithrombotic therapy,
• Without bleeding tendency and thrombocytopenia,
• No deep vein thrombosis,
• No complications associated with PIVC (such as ecchymosis, hematoma, scarring, edema, infiltration, extravasation and phlebitis),
• No allergy or sensitivity to heat,
• No metal prosthesis in the extremity to be heat therapy applied,
• No limb deformity that would prevent performing isometric exercises,
• No communication problems,
• No history of paralysis
• Patients who volunteered to participate in the study were included.

You may not qualify if:

• Total mastectomy,
• With peripheral nerve disease,
• More than 2 peripheral IV catheters applied,
• Psychiatric illness,
• People with intellectual disabilities at a level that cannot perceive cognitive functions and
• Individuals who did not perform or did not want to perform the procedures applied during the research process were not included in the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Inonu University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Inonu University

Malatya, Malatya, 44280, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Kaplan F, Aslan H. The effect of micro-teaching method on psychomotor skills, attitude, self-efficacy and perceived clinical stress of nursing students: Randomised controlled trial. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Aug;87:104519. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104519. Epub 2025 Aug 18.

  PMID: 40840078 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Neoplasms; Hyperthermia

Interventions

Exercise

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Body Temperature Changes; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Heat Stress Disorders; Wounds and Injuries

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Hakime Aslan

  Faculty of Nursing

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Masking Details: cancer patients
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 8, 2026
• First Posted: July 15, 2026
• Study Start: August 21, 2021
• Primary Completion: July 15, 2023
• Study Completion: July 30, 2023
• Last Updated: July 15, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)