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Brief Summary

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of mixed reality (MR)-based adaptations of functional mobility and performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform by comparing their outcomes with conventional clinical assessments. Virtual and mixed reality technologies have gained increasing attention in clinical measurement due to their potential advantages, including assessment standardization, enhanced user interaction, and automated data collection. Previous studies have demonstrated that virtual reality-based performance assessments can provide high reliability and show meaningful associations with traditional clinical measures across different populations. However, visual and vestibular stimuli, depth perception, and changes in movement strategies may cause performance in virtual environments to differ from performance in conventional settings. Therefore, the validity and reliability of each virtual or mixed reality adaptation should be established within the target population. Overweight and obese individuals exhibit biomechanical and physiological characteristics that may affect balance, gait mechanics, joint loading, and physical performance. Consequently, measurement properties established in other populations cannot be assumed to apply directly to overweight and obese individuals. In addition, factors related to head-mounted displays and motion-tracking systems may influence assessment outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of mixed reality-based performance tests developed using the Meta Quest 3 platform. Measurement error parameters will also be determined to assess the clinical applicability of these MR-based assessments. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of safe, standardized, digital, and potentially remote assessment approaches for evaluating functional performance in overweight and obese individuals. Furthermore, the results may strengthen the scientific evidence supporting the use of digital assessment technologies in clinical practice.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

Timed Up and Go Test - Mixed Reality (TUG-MR)
Functional mobility will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the Timed Up and Go Test. Test completion time will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better functional mobility. Validity will be evaluated by comparison with the conventional Timed Up and Go Test, and reliability will be assessed using repeated measurements performed one week apart.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up
4-Meter Walk Test - Mixed Reality (4MW-MR)
Walking performance will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the 4-Meter Walk Test. Walking speed will be calculated in meters per second (m/s), with higher values indicating better walking performance. Validity and reliability will be evaluated through comparison with the conventional 4-Meter Walk Test and repeated measurements.
Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test - Mixed Reality (5xSTS-MR)
Lower extremity functional performance will be assessed using a mixed reality-based adaptation of the Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test. Test duration will be recorded in seconds, with shorter times indicating better performance. Validity and reliability will be evaluated through comparison with the conventional Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test and repeated measurements.

Secondary Outcomes (6)

Timed Up and Go Test - Conventional
Baseline
4-Meter Walk Test - Conventional
Baseline
Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test - Conventional
Baseline
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength
Baseline
Handgrip Strength
Baseline
+1 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (1)

Overweight and Obese Individuals

Adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) who will undergo conventional and mixed reality-based assessments of functional mobility and performance, including the Timed Up and Go Test, 4-Meter Walk Test, and Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test. Additional assessments of knee extensor muscle strength and handgrip strength will be performed to evaluate convergent validity.

Other: Mixed Reality-Based Functional Mobility and Performance Assessment

Interventions

Mixed Reality-Based Functional Mobility and Performance AssessmentOther

Participants will perform mixed reality-based adaptations of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG-MR), 4-Meter Walk Test (4MW-MR), and Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSTS-MR) developed for the Meta Quest 3 platform. The mixed reality environment digitally replicates the conventional test setups and provides standardized visual guidance while allowing participants to interact safely with the real environment. Test outcomes will be automatically recorded by the system and compared with conventional clinical assessments to evaluate validity. The mixed reality-based tests will be repeated one week later to assess test-retest reliability.

Overweight and Obese Individuals

Registry-reported names are shown in full. Names without a link have not yet been matched to a Syfrah profile.

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 65 Years

Sexall

Healthy VolunteersNo

Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

Sampling MethodNon-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adults aged 18-65 years with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) who are able to ambulate independently and are eligible to participate in conventional and mixed reality-based functional mobility and performance assessments.

You may qualify if:

Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² (overweight or obesity),

Related Publications (9)

Sousa-Santos AR, Amaral TF. Differences in handgrip strength protocols to identify sarcopenia and frailty - a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Oct 16;17(1):238. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0625-y.

PMID: 29037155BACKGROUND

Saunders S, Reid J, Mehdipour A, D'Amore C, Kuspinar A, Richardson J, Beauchamp M. Virtual Assessment Protocols for Timed-Up-and-Go, 5-Repetition Chair Rise, and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Investigating Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2025 Jun;106(6):926-933. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.11.011. Epub 2024 Nov 28.

PMID: 39615825BACKGROUND

Study Officials

İsmail ÖZSOY, Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye

STUDY CHAIR

Zehra KORKUT, Assist. Prof. Dr.

Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye

STUDY CHAIR

Gülşah ÖZSOY, Assist. Prof. Dr.

Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye

STUDY CHAIR

Mehmet A GÜLER, PhD in PT

Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye

Validity and Reliability of Mixed Reality-Based Performance Tests in Overweight and Obese Adults

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Study Timeline

Study Start

First Submitted

First Posted

Primary Completion

Study Completion

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

Secondary Outcomes (6)

Study Arms (1)

Overweight and Obese Individuals

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Related Publications (9)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Record Dates

You may not qualify if:

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations

Validity and Reliability of Mixed Reality-Based Performance Tests in Overweight and Obese Adults

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Related Scientific Literature

Study Timeline

Study Start

First Submitted

First Posted

Primary Completion

Study Completion

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

Secondary Outcomes (6)

Study Arms (1)

Overweight and Obese Individuals

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Related Publications (9)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Record Dates

You may not qualify if:

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations