Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety During Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation in Hemodialysis Patients

NCT07622264 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: KTO Karatay University AVFSTL
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 50
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to determine the effect of virtual reality (VR) goggles used during arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation in hemodialysis patients on pain and anxiety levels. The study is designed as a parallel-group randomized controlled trial and will be conducted with 50 patients receiving treatment at a dialysis center. Participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). Patients in the experimental group will be shown visual-auditory content via VR goggles during AVF needle insertion, while the control group will receive routine care. Data will be collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Statistical analyses will include appropriate comparative and correlational tests to evaluate differences between groups and relationships between variables.

Conditions

Hemodialysis Patient; Fistulas Arteriovenous

Keywords

Hemodialysis; Virtual Reality; Pain; State Anxiety

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Pain Intensity

  Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-cm scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.

  15 minutes after AVF cannulation

• Anxiety Level

  Anxiety levels will be assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.

  15 minutes after AVF cannulation

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Change in Pain Intensity from BaselineBaseline Values"

  From 15 minutes before cannulation to 15 minutes after cannulation

• Change in Anxiety Level from Baseline

  From 15 minutes before cannulation to 15 minutes after cannulation

Study Arms (2)

Virtual Reality Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients receive VR during cannulation

Device: Virtual Reality Group

Control Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Routine Procedure

Other: Routine Procedure

Interventions

Virtual Reality Group DEVICE

Prior to cannulation, SG goggles were worn, immersive visual/auditory content was shown during the procedure, and the goggles were removed 15 minutes after needle insertion for final measurements. To standardize the procedure, all needle insertions were performed by the same experienced nurse, using a size 16 needle, at least 5 cm away from the fistula site, and at an angle of 30°-45°.

Also known as: Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality Group

Routine Procedure OTHER

Only the clinic's routine procedures were followed.

Control Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• years of age or older,
• Receiving treatment via AVF,
• Having no visual impairment,
• Giving voluntary consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Patients with catheter use,
• Communication problems,
• Antipsychotic medication use,
• Analgesic use in the last 12 hours,
• Failed (multiple) needle insertion attempts

Sponsors & Collaborators

• KTO Karatay University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Daviva Private Konya Dialysis Center

Konya, Selçuklu, 42020, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Arteriovenous Fistula; Pain; Anxiety Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Arteriovenous Malformations; Vascular Malformations; Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Fistula; Vascular Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Fistula; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Mental Disorders

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: CARE PROVIDER, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 31, 2026
• First Posted: June 3, 2026
• Study Start: July 20, 2025
• Primary Completion: October 20, 2025
• Study Completion: October 20, 2025
• Last Updated: June 3, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)